China 
Africa 
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Corneal Endothelium Regeneration: Basic Concepts
Published in Gilson Khang, Handbook of Intelligent Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, 2017
The cornea is the clear, front, transparent, dome-like window of the eye and covers the colored iris and the round pupil. It is an important organ for visual clarity. However, recovery of a damaged corneal endothelium is difficult owing to the limited number of qualified donor corneas for transplantation not being able to satisfy increasing corneal-related patients. Especially among corneal structures, the corneal endothelium is the innermost monolayer of the cornea, which plays an important role in maintaining transparency and functions. However, human corneal endothelial cells have limited proliferative capacity in vivo and lose 0.3%–0.6% cells per year during the lifetime.1–4 Furthermore, the rate of cell loss may get faster than the general rate for reasons such as accidents, stress, surgery trauma, diabetes, glaucoma treatment, corneal endothelial disorders, etc. Finally, severe loss results in malfunction and blindness. In the United States, according to the 2013 Eye Banking Statistics reported by US banks (EBSR), the number of used donated tissues for endothelial keratoplasty (EK) was about 40% of the total donated tissues and increased by about 8.4% compared to the 2012 EBSR. Thus, development of a bioengineered cornea for replacing the function of a lost/defective cornea is highly required. Tissue engineering–based studies have been progressing to overcome shortage of worldwide donor corneas and its related problems using varieties of biomaterials. In this chapter, we focus on the corneal endothelium and tissue-engineered-based strategies for corneal endothelium regeneration.
EVO/EVO+ Visian Implantable Collamer Lenses for the correction of myopia and myopia with astigmatism
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2023
Elena Martínez-Plaza, Alberto López-de la Rosa, Alberto López-Miguel, Alfredo Holgueras, Miguel J. Maldonado
Postoperative evaluations are required to assess the safety of the procedure both, in the early postoperative period and in the long term. Intraocular procedures could alter the corneal endothelium, which in severe cases may result in a loss of corneal transparency. After implanting ICL with central hole, there is some controversy whether the endothelial cell count significantly diminishes or not in the postoperative period. Some works found no significant changes [46,47,61,62], whereas others reported a significant reduction of the cell density ranging between 2.0% and 8.5% [25,27,63,64]. In a long-term study, Yang et al. [61] found no significant differences at 3 months postoperatively followed by a significant reduction at 4 years, which was mainly associated with the physiological loss during aging. Nonetheless, these authors [61] also suggested that other factors may be involved, and further investigations are required.
Characterization of surface modified glycerol/silk fibroin film for application to corneal endothelial cell regeneration
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2019
Jeong Eun Song, Bo Ra Sim, Yoo Shin Jeon, Han Sol Kim, Eun Yeong Shin, Cristiano Carlomagno, Gilson Khang
Corneal endothelium is a single layer (thickness ∼10 µm) of mitochondrial-rich polygonal cells, called Corneal Endothelial Cells (CEnCs), and is located at the inner part of the cornea, in contact with the iris. This structure plays an important role in maintaining the transparency of the cornea by driving the absorption and desorption of water in the tissue matrix. Cells located in the endothelium present a large amount of mitochondria, indicating a high cells activity due to the control of the ATPase pump functions [4–8].