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In-Vitro and In-Vivo Tools in Emerging Drug Delivery Scenario: Challenges and Updates
Published in Ambikanandan Misra, Aliasgar Shahiwala, In-Vitro and In-Vivo Tools in Drug Delivery Research for Optimum Clinical Outcomes, 2018
Hemal Tandel, Priyanka Bhatt, Keerti Jain, Aliasgar Shahiwala, Ambikanandan Misra
Primary cell cultures are sometimes not used for experimental studies due to their poor stability, as they undergo constant adaptive alterations and it is challenging to select a time period of when the total cell population is homogenous or stable. After confluence, some cells may transform and become insensitive to contact inhibition and overgrow, therefore it is necessary to keep the cell density low to maintain the original phenotype. After the first subculture or a passage, the culture is called cell line. In each subsequent subculture, a population of cells with the capacity to rapidly grow will predominate while slow growing cells dilute out. In most cases, the culture becomes stable after three passages.
Safety and bioactivity assessment of aqueous extract of Thai Henna (Lawsonia inermis Linn.) Leaf
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 2021
Orawan Khantamat, Nahathai Dukaew, Jirarat Karinchai, Teera Chewonarin, Pornsiri Pitchakarn, Piya Temviriyanukul
The human immortalized keratinocyte HaCaT cell was kindly provided by Dr. Ariyaphong Wongnoppavich, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand. Murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cell line was purchased from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, USA). Cells were cultured in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagles Medium (DMEM) containing 10% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 1% penicillin/streptomycin. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were separated from heparinized blood obtained from healthy adult volunteers by density gradient centrifugation using Ficoll-hypaque. Cells were then cultured in RPMI-1640 medium supplemented with 10% FBS, 2 mM glutamine, and 1% penicillin/streptomycin. All these cells were maintained at 37°C in a humidified atmosphere containing 5% CO2. The 70–80% confluent cells were applied for further experiments.
An automated approach for fibroblast cell confluency characterisation and sample handling using AIoT for bio-research and bio-manufacturing
Published in Cogent Engineering, 2023
Muaadh Shamhan, Ahmad Syahrin Idris, Siti Fauziah Toha, Muhammad Fauzi Daud, Izyan Mohd Idris, Hafizi Malik
Cell culture is the process of cultivating cells in an artificial environment under certain conditions until they reach a specific growth rate. It is an essential process used in the bio-manufacturing industry to produce a variety of biologics, including vaccines, therapeutic proteins, and monoclonal antibodies (Kantardjieff & Zhou, 2014). In cell culture biology, the term confluency describes the percentage of cells covering the surface area of a culture flask or petri dish. When confluency reaches a certain level, the cells are required to be separated into new cell cultures (subculture) to enable further expansion and continuous growth of the cells (Greb, 2017).
Microstructured titanium functionalized by naringin inserted multilayers for promoting osteogenesis and inhibiting osteoclastogenesis
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2021
Ke Shen, Xiaojing Zhang, Qiang Tang, Xingtang Fang, Chunlei Zhang, Zhaojing Zhu, Yanhua Hou, Min Lai
Osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1 cells) and macrophages (mouse RAW 264.7 cells) were supplied by Procell Biotechnology Co. (Wuhan, China). Cells were cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium with high glucose containing 10% fetal bovine serum, 100 U/mL penicillin/streptomycin (Gibco) and maintained at an atmosphere of 5% CO2 at 37 °C. The medium was replaced every 2 days to ensure normal cell growth. Cells were passaged for subsequent experiments upon reaching 80-90% confluency.