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Dyes and Auxiliaries for Textile Printing
Published in Asim Kumar Roy Choudhury, Principles of Textile Printing, 2023
Data on ethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether is used to represent all glycol ethers because it is the most commonly used glycol ether in printing. It can leach into ground water, and reacts with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals. For humans, moderate exposure may cause central nervous system depression, including headaches, drowsiness, weakness, slurred speech, stuttering, staggering, tremors, blurred vision and personality changes. These symptoms are such that a patient, in the absence of an accurate occupational history, may be treated for schizophrenia or narcolepsy.
Emergency First Aid Treatment of Poisoning
Published in Charles R. Foden, Jack L. Weddell, Household Chemicals and Emergency First Aid, 2017
Charles R. Foden, Jack L. Weddell
WHEN USING THIS PRODUCT WEAR: NEOPRENE OR OTHER PROTECTIVE GLOVES. Eye contact may cause stinging, tearing, itching, swelling, and redness. Ingestion will cause abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. May cause central nervous system depression and respiratory arrest.
Decrease in evaporative loss of volatile fuels using new mixture of surfactants
Published in Petroleum Science and Technology, 2021
Fateme Beiranvand, Hesam Najibi
Commonly, the losses of hydrocarbon products are classified into three groups, first: when leakage or emission happened, second: when simultaneous decrease in quality of product and quantitative losses happened and third: when decrease in quality of product without quantitative bulk losses happened. Decrease in hydrocarbon losses is very important from economic and environmental points of view. Since the extraction of oil products is expensive, this problem needs to pay attention. Regardless of hydrocarbon loss, some light hydrocarbons eventually evaporate into the atmosphere, which in addition to the possibility of explosive mixtures with air, pollute the environment (Ahmed and Fakhruddin 2018). Emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to the atmosphere can lead to human diseases; Negative effect on bone marrow and blood function, central nervous system depression, decreased consciousness, headache, increased risk of ischemic stroke and increased risk of cancer (Zhang et al. 2019; Abubakar et al. 2015; Chernyak et al. 2010; Kinawy 2009). Environmental pollution caused by VOCs is one of the most emergent collaboration challenges at the world faces today (Zhang et al. 2021; Zhang et al. 2020; Xiang et al. 2020; Hamzehie and Najibi 2016) and then consequently, improvement of hydrocarbon storage techniques is a major concern.
An overview of selected emerging outdoor airborne pollutants and air quality issues: The need to reduce uncertainty about environmental and human impacts
Published in Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 2020
The monitoring of this compound by NAPS during the period 2009–2013 has shown that concentrations often exceeded or approached provincial guidelines at several sites in Canada (Galarneau et al. 2016). Emissions of chloroform are dominated by the pulp and paper industry. This substance has increased its production from below 30 tons in the early 2000s up to above 100 tons in 2016 (ECCC 2019). Chloroform is also released in the air by the chlorination of drinking water, wastewater, and swimming pools (Catto et al. 2012; Xu and Weisel 2005). Hazardous waste sites and sanitary landfills also release chloroform (ATSDR 1997). Short-term inhalation exposure may pose a health risk to the central nervous system (depression). Chronic or long-term exposure to chloroform by inhalation in humans increases the health risk including central nervous system effects (such as depression and irritability), effects on the liver, hepatitis, and jaundice (ATSDR 1997). Chloroform has been declared carcinogenic in animals after oral exposure, inducing kidney and liver tumors (CEPA 1999) while EPA has also classified chloroform as a likely human carcinogen (ATSDR 1997). Chloroform has a very long lifetime (0.55 year; Seinfeld and Pandis 2006). Galarneau et al. (2016) mentioned that chloroform measurements are under the detection limit in the NAPS monitoring system but that more investigation is needed to evaluate the real exposure to Canadians (background median and maximum values are unknown).
Empirical data in support of a skin notation for methyl chloride
Published in Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, 2018
Sharyn Gaskin, Leigh Thredgold, Linda Heath, Dino Pisaniello, Michael Logan, Christina Baxter
Methyl chloride (synonym chloromethane) is a colorless gas at room temperature (b.p. −24.2 C) with an estimated odor threshold of 10 ppm. It is typically produced industrially by either the reaction of methanol and hydrogen chloride or via the chlorination of methane.[1] Methyl chloride is used during industrial processes as a methylating and/or blowing agent in the production of silicones, butyl rubber, methylene chloride, plastics, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, dyes, resins, polystyrene, and polyurethane foams.[2] It was also commonly used as a refrigerant in the early to mid-1900s until numerous reported inhalational exposures, resulting from accidental release in both occupational and residential settings, highlighted its human toxicity potential.[3–5] Inhalation of high concentrations of methyl chloride has reportedly led to kidney and liver damage, central nervous system depression, and even death.[1]