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in vivo Testing
Published in Claudio Migliaresi, Antonella Motta, Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering, 2014
Milena Fini, Nicolò Nicoli Aldini, Paola Torricelli
Two main types of cell culture assays have been developed: the direct-contact test and liquid extract test. In the direct-contact test, the material samples of the required standard measure are cultured with cells. If their physical state is not appropriate, an extract shall be prepared from the material sample. Established cell lines are preferred to primary cultures and negative and positive controls have to be used for the purpose to demonstrate background and appropriate test system response respectively. Cytotoxic effects can be qualitatively and quantitatively evaluated at least after 24 hours of incubation, by measuring cell proliferation, cell death and release of enzymes, and by examining cell morphology, vacuolization, detachment, lysis, and membrane integrity.
Buthionine sulfoximine and chemoresistance in cancer treatments: a systematic review with meta-analysis of preclinical studies
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 2023
Camila dos Reis Oliveira, Joedna Cavalcante Pereira, Andressa Barros Ibiapina, Italo Rossi Roseno Martins, João Marcelo de Castro e Sousa, Paulo Michel Pinheiro Ferreira, Felipe Cavalcanti Carneiro da Silva
Among the studies, there was a predominance of reports containing only in vitro experiments compared to in vivo assays. This finding was foreseen since in vitro models are the basis for screening novel compounds with anticancer activity and are performed prior to animal testing (Kitaeva et al. 2020). Because of their importance in preclinical phase and development of new approaches, in vitro cell culture assays need to be reproducible, and need to be planned and conducted utilizing a protocol that minimizes variations (Niepel et al. 2017).