China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Miscellaneous Bacterial Diseases
Published in John A Plumb, Health Maintenance Of Cultured Fishes, 1994
Fish react to mycobacterial infection with proliferation of connective tissue but exhibit little inflammatory response other than granulomatous inflammation.3 The pathology of mycobacteriosis has little resem-blance to leprosy and only superficial similarity to tuberculosis of humans. In teleosts, mycobacteriosis is considered less cellular than tuberculosis in higher animals because some workers refute the presence of Langerhans giant cells which are characteristic of the mammalian tubercle.5,22 However, Timur et al.25 showed caseation, typical Langerhans cell production, and cell-mediated immunity in M. marinum infections in plaice (Pleuranectus platessa). Large masses of bacteria were found in the visceral adipose tissue, hematopoietic tissue of the kidney, spleen, and liver of young fish. The disease in adult fish appeared to be merely an extension of that observed in the juveniles. Foci of bacteria surrounding the intestinal tract of young fish disappeared in older fish, leaving large areas of caseous necrosis. Spleen, liver, and kidney had severe lesions characterized by massive concentrations of acid-fast bacteria. Caseous necrosis also formed in the kidney.
Carbon nanomaterials: a new way against tuberculosis
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2019
Flavio De Maio, Valentina Palmieri, Marco De Spirito, Giovanni Delogu, Massimiliano Papi
When the host immune response fails to control Mtb replication, inflammation and caseous necrosis occurs, leading to tissue damage and overt disease. Active TB is a highly debilitating disease that can be effectively treated with a combined drug regimen that lasts at least 6 months if the Mtb strain is susceptible and if there is good patient compliance. Indeed, WHO recommended the directly observed treatment short-course (DOTS) strategy, which aims at reducing the risk of noncompliance to improve cure rates, reduce risk of TB transmission and prevent emergence of drug-resistant strains [10]. In the last few years, there has been an enormous interest in developing anti-TB therapies that shorten treatment and possibly limit insurgence of drug resistance and host toxicity [11]. In this review, we first report the current therapy for TB treatment and then we look at the panorama of available nanotechnologies solutions for anti-TB therapy, starting from the well-studied liposomes and polymeric nanoparticles to the latest developed carbon nanomaterials (CNMs), which hold the promises of reducing the insurgence of resistant species.