China 
Africa 
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Magnetic Nanoparticles for Organelle Separation
Published in Nguyễn T. K. Thanh, Clinical Applications of Magnetic Nanoparticles, 2018
Mari Takahashi, Shinya Maenosono
Magnetic separation of proteins can also be applied for diagnosis of diseases. For example, Tang et al.11 proposed a sensitive detection method for protein biomarkers combining localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) biosensing and magnetic separation. They separately prepared Fe3O4 nanoparticles and Au nanorods and modified the surfaces of both probes with an anticardiac troponin I (cTnI) antibody. It should be noted that cTnI is a cardiac marker for myocardial infarction diagnosis. When they mixed the anti-cTnI antibody-modified Au nanorods with blood plasma, an LSPR peak redshift of 6 nm was observed through selective binding of cTnI protein to the Au nanorods, because the surface of metal nanoparticles is highly sensitive to changes in the local refractive index, and thus various types of LSPR-based colorimetric biosensors have been proposed.12,13 Meanwhile, when they first mixed the anti-cTnI antibody-modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles with blood plasma to magnetically separate cTnI, followed by mixing with the Au nanorods in an aqueous phase, as shown in Figure 12.2, an LSPR peak redshift of 13 nm was observed.11 The LSPR peak shift and the cTnI concentration showed a linear relationship. They further reported that the sensitivity for cTnI biomarker detection was amplified by up to sixfold when they combined magnetic separation and LSPR biosensing, compared with LSPR biosensing alone.
Electrochemical Fabrication of Carbon Nanomaterial and Conducting Polymer Composites for Chemical Sensing
Published in Di Wei, Electrochemical Nanofabrication, 2017
Zhanna A. Boeva, Rose-Marie Latonen, Tom Lindfors, Zekra Mousavi
The myoglobin electrochemical biosensor is another biosensor type having an antibody in its structure as well as PPy and graphene derivatives. Myoglobin is a small protein that is a cardiac marker released by the human body over a short period of time after the onset of a myocardial infarction. Its detection is therefore crucial in diagnosing heart attacks in their very early stage. For the fabrication of the sensors for myoglobin, ITO glass plates are modified with 3-aminopropyl-triethoxysilane to create a self-assembly monolayer [112]. This monolayer is then used for electrostatic immobilization of GO on the electrode surface followed by the reduction of GO by CV. PPy is then electropolymerized with pyrrolepropylic acid accompanied with the electrodeposition of platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) onto the pre-modified ITO. Finally, the myoglobin protein antibody is covalently attached to the PPy-co-PPA by using the same carbodiimide chemistry as for microcystin LR and aflatoxin B1. The myoglobin biosensor had a linear response range of 10 ng mL−1- 1μg mL−1 and a LOD of 4 ng mL−1. As in [111], the PtNPs embedded in the ECP matrix enhance the electron transfer between the antigen-antibody complex and the electrode substrate.
Cardiac Diagnosis with Machine Learning: A Paradigm Shift in Cardiac Care
Published in Applied Artificial Intelligence, 2022
Meena Laad, Ketan Kotecha, Kailas Patil, Reshma Pise
The optical characteristics of chromogenic reporters are used in ELISA-based biomarkers. Colorimetric, fluorogenic, or luminous signals are produced by these biomarkers. ELISA has been widely utilized to detect cardiac markers (Cho et al. 2009; Darain et al. 2009; Leung et al. 2005; Park, Cropek, and Banta 2010). Research is going on to further miniaturize the sensor platform without compromising on its detection ability.