China 
Africa 
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Molecularly Imprinted and Ion Imprinted Polymers for Selective Recognition and Sensing of Organics and Ions
Published in Asit Baran Samui, Smart Polymers, 2022
Pankaj E. Hande, Asit Baran Samui
MIPs in combination with chromatography are found to be an effective technique in the area of forensic science such as the determination of gunshot residues from hands and clothes, similarly, to find out the metabolites produced during the biodegradation of various drugs, polycyclic aromatic compounds, etc. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC): HPLC can be extensively used for chiral separation by combining with an MIP. For example, MIPs in combination with LC are used for the separation of amino acid derivatives.112 Later on, MIPs have become a popular stationary phase in HPLC.Capillary electrochromatography (CEC) This is widely used in forensic chemistry for analysis of drugs, inks, dyes, gunshot/explosive residues, etc. For example, a combination of the MIP with capillary electrophoresis (CE) has high separation efficiency.113 Column efficiency is higher when separations are launched in CEC mode as compared to that in HPLC mode.
Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry for Nanomaterial Analysis
Published in Klaus D. Sattler, st Century Nanoscience – A Handbook, 2020
Francisco Laborda, Eduardo Bolea, Maria S. Jimenez
Electromigration separation techniques have demonstrated to be powerful analytical tools for the separation and characterization of ENMs (Trapiella-Alonso et al. 2016). CE, the most employed format of electromigration separations, provides a high-resolution separation of any type of compounds, based on their intrinsic properties such as the charge and the hydrodynamic diameter or the viscosity and temperature of the separation medium. CE employs narrow-bore capillaries, where species are separated due to their different electrophoretic mobility within an electroos-motic flow of an electrolyte solution under a high voltage (Ban et al. 2015). Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) is the simplest mode of CE, it is based on the use of separation media with relatively low viscosity where the species move from one end of the capillary to the other according to the balance between their electrophoretic mobility and the electroosmotic flow. Separations can be improved by adding specific additives to the separation medium, which are the base of other CE modes. In micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC), a suitable charged surfactant, such as sodium dodecylsulfate, is added in a concentration sufficiently high to allow the formation of micelles, so that species are separated according to their different partition between the micelle, acting as a pseudostationary phase, and the separation medium. In capillary gel electrophoresis (CGE) the capillary is filled with a polymeric gel, the electroosmotic flow is eliminated and separation is based just on the electrophoretic mobility and size of the species. In capillary electrochromatography (CEC), the capillary is packed with microparticles coated with a bonded stationary phase and species are separate according to their partition between this stationary phase and the separation medium, which is moving as a result of the electroosmotic flow.
Capillary Electrophoresis
Published in Grinberg Nelu, Rodriguez Sonia, Ewing’s Analytical Instrumentation Handbook, Fourth Edition, 2019
A hybrid technique of CE is capillary electrochromatography (CEC). This technique combines the high efficiency of CE and the high selectivity of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) [24]. CEC and pressurized capillary electrochromatography (pCEC) are analytical separation techniques that employ the separation principles of HPLC and the electroosmotically driven mobile phase flow of CE. Open-tubular, packed, and monolithic columns have been used in CEC separations.
Minireview: Recent advances in the determination of flavonoids by capillary electrophoresis
Published in Instrumentation Science & Technology, 2018
Tingni Wu, Changzhu Yu, Rong Li, Jun Li
CE is a powerful separation tool with multiple separation modes, including capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE), micelle electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MEKC), microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography (MEEKC), gel capillary electrophoresis, capillary iso-electric focusing, capillary isotachophoresis, and capillary electrochromatography (CEC). So far, the main modes used in separation of flavonoids are CZE and MEKC. Through the literature in recent 10 (2008–2017) years from PubMed and web of science, CZE, MEKC, MEEKC, and CEC were applied for the detection of flavonoids. This article introduces the specific applications in a variety of different situations.