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Published in Luis Liz-Marzán, Colloidal Synthesis of Plasmonic Nanometals, 2020
Jose M. Romo-Herrera, Ramón A. Alvarez-Puebla, Luis M. Liz-Marzán
Along with the separation methods based on electrophoresis (driven by the influence of an electric field) two main techniques have been used: capillary electrophoresis and gel electrophoresis. The minuscule scale that can be managed by capillary electrophoresis is its main limitation. Meanwhile, gel electrophoresis is an extensively used technique for separation of biological molecules, with a remarkable resolution, and is therefore gaining attention for separation of nanomaterials.
Capillary Electrophoresis
Published in Grinberg Nelu, Rodriguez Sonia, Ewing’s Analytical Instrumentation Handbook, Fourth Edition, 2019
The most widely used mode of detection in CE is UV absorbance. If the UV detector will not meet the analytical needs of the CE method, there are several alternative detectors available. These include laser-induced fluorescence (LIF), mass spectrometric (MS), electrochemical (ECD), and chemiluminescence (CL) detectors. Commercially available CE instruments have been interfaced with several detector types [105].
Assay Requirements for Cell Culture Process Development
Published in Anthony S. Lubiniecki, Large-Scale Mammalian Cell Culture Technology, 2018
Mary B. Sliwkowski, Edward T. Cox
Another promising innovation in electrophoretic technique is capillary electrophoresis (66). This method combines high resolution with short run times to circumvent many of the disadvantages of the classical electrophoretic methods. Capillary electrophoresis is really related to both chromatography and electrophoresis. It involves electrophoretic separations of very small sample volumes, nanoliters, inside capillary tubes. Detection of separated components is conducted in real time using flow-through chromatographic detectors. Liquids, electrophoretic gels, and chromatographic packings can all be used as separation media. The availability of automated capillary electrophoresis instruments may result in the widespread use of these techniques.
Bioprocessing of recombinant proteins from Escherichia coli inclusion bodies: insights from structure-function relationship for novel applications
Published in Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology, 2023
Kajal Kachhawaha, Santanu Singh, Khyati Joshi, Priyanka Nain, Sumit K. Singh
Capillary electrophoresis, also called high-efficiency capillary electrophoresis, is a class of liquid phase micro-separation analysis method. It is used for the separation of ions on the basis of their electrophoretic mobility under an applied voltage. The mobility of these ions depends upon the molecule charge, size and viscosity. The mobility of the molecules is directly proportional to the applied electric field. Capillary electrophoresis is utilized very commonly due to faster results and high-resolution separation.[166] Garza et al. developed an IB solubilization method and determined the purity of recombinant proteins in inclusion bodies using capillary gel electrophoresis. It is based on the utilization of a single-component solution which is completely compatible with capillary gel electrophoresis analysis. In this method, IBs sample were prepared and separated from recombinant proteins and other impurities. This allows capillary gel electrophoresis to be regarded as a suitable analytical tool to obtain the quantitative process information during IB refolding.[167]
Minireview: Recent advances in the determination of flavonoids by capillary electrophoresis
Published in Instrumentation Science & Technology, 2018
Tingni Wu, Changzhu Yu, Rong Li, Jun Li
Capillary electrophoresis with ultraviolet detection, capillary electrophoresis with mass spectra detection, capillary electrophoresis with chemiluminescence detection, capillary electrophoresis with electrochemical detection, capillary electrophoresis with potential gradient detection, capillary electrophoresis with dual opposite carbon fiber microdisk electrode detection, and capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection have been reported in the recent literature. The structure of flavonoids contains ultraviolet absorption groups such as benzene rings, carbonyls, and conjugated structures. Ultraviolet detection was the most widely used approach for the separation of flavonoids by CE.[9,11,13,16,17,19202122232425262728293031,394041,62,64,54,55,69,70] Approximately eighty percent of the reports used were ultraviolet detection. The use of capillary electrophoresis injection was limited. Ultraviolet detection provides unsatisfactory sensitivity because its path length was limited by the small diameter of the separation capillaries.[36] Detection limits have reduced the popularity of CE. Hence, improvement of the sensitivity was necessary.