China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Electrophysiology
Published in A. Bakiya, K. Kamalanand, R. L. J. De Britto, Mechano-Electric Correlations in the Human Physiological System, 2021
A. Bakiya, K. Kamalanand, R. L. J. De Britto
The cardiopulmonary system consists of blood vessels that carry nutrients and oxygen to the tissues and removes carbon dioxide from the tissues in the human body (Humphrey & McCulloch, 2003; Alberts et al., 1994). Blood is transported from the heart through the arteries and the veins transport blood back to the heart. The heart consists of two chambers on the top (right ventricle and left ventricle) and two chambers on the bottom (right atrium and left atrium). The atrioventricular valves separates the atria from the ventricles. Tricuspid valve separates the right atrium from the right ventricle, mitral valve separates the left atrium from the left ventricle, pulmonary valve situates between right ventricle and pulmonary artery, which carries blood to the lung and aortic valve situated between the left ventricle and the aorta which carries blood to the body (Bronzino, 2000). Figure 3.9 shows the schematic diagram of heart circulation and there are two components of blood circulation in the system, namely, pulmonary and systemic circulation (Humphrey, 2002; Opie, 1998; Milnor, 1990). In pulmonary circulation, pulmonary artery transports blood from heart to the lungs. The blood picks up oxygen and releases carbon dioxide at the lungs. The blood returns to the heart through the pulmonary vein. In the systemic circulation, aorta carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the other parts of the body through capillaries. The vena cava transports deoxygenated blood from other parts of the body to the heart.
CHEM Biomedical Applications
Published in Witold M. Sokolowski, Cold Hibernated Elastic Memory Structure, 2018
Witold M. Sokolowski, Naziha Chirani, L’Hocine Yahia
Also, from an application standpoint, a septal occluder made from CHEM can be considered. Atrial septal defect (ASD) is one of the most common congenital heart defects, accounting for 7%–10% of all congenital heart disease in children and 30%–33% of defects diagnosed in adults with congenital heart disease [20]. Secundum ASD is a congenital heart defect in the septum between the atria of the heart that allows blood to flow from the left atrium to the right atrium through a hole or defect in the interatrial septum. This defect is typically caused by deficiency in the valve tissue of fossa ovalis, excessive or ectopic resorption of septum primum or deficient growth of septum secundum. Forty years ago, King and his team performed the first transcatheter closure of an ASD using double umbrella disks [21]. Since then, many devices have been developed to close such defects [22]. During a cardiac catheterization, a thin catheter is inserted into a blood vessel in the groin of a patient and guided to the heart. Through the catheter, a mesh patch or plug is put into place to close to close the interatrial defect. The heart tissue grows around the mesh, permanently sealing the defect.
Cardiac dysrhythmia management in the radiology department
Published in William H. Bush, Karl N. Krecke, Bernard F. King, Michael A. Bettmann, Radiology Life Support (Rad-LS), 2017
If chronic atrial fibrillation is present and the patient is asymptomatic with no hemodynamic compromise, and the ventricular rate is 50–100 beats/min, no therapy may be required. For acute-onset AF with hemodynamic compromise, the therapy of choice is synchronized cardioversion at 100, 200, 300 and 360 joules. As with atrial flutter, rapid ventricular rates without hemodynamic compromise may be slowed with beta-blockers or calcium-channel blockers.7 If AF with rapid ventricular response deteriorates to hemodynamic compromise within the first 72 h of onset, synchronized cardioversion may be required to slow the ventricular rate. After 72 h, there may be potential for increased risk of systemic embolization due to atrial thrombus formation.10,11
Interatrial shunts: technical approaches to percutaneous closure
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2018
Gianluca Rigatelli, Marco Zuin, Nguyen Tuong Nghia
Atrial septal aneurysm (ASA) has a prevalence in the general population between 0.22 and 4% [9–11] but it raises to 8–15% in patients with stroke [24,25]. AS is a congenital malformation of the atrial septum characterized by bulging of at least 15 mm of the septum overlying the fossa ovalis region into either atrium [26,27].