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Mechanosensitive MicroRNAs in Health and Disease
Published in Juhyun Lee, Sharon Gerecht, Hanjoong Jo, Tzung Hsiai, Modern Mechanobiology, 2021
Myung-Jin Oh, Tzu-Pin Shentu, Daksh Chauhan, Yun Fang
As we have highlighted several different miRNAs involved in mechanotransduction- and mechanotransduction-relevant diseases, we will briefly highlight miRNAs’ role in a few other diseases. A large assortment of disease states, such as cancer, autoimmune diseases, and skin diseases, have been linked with miRNA [2]. Many types of malignant cancers are tied to mechanisms that control cell growth and differentiation, two critical steps in the development of cancer [87]. Many therapies have therefore attempted to alter cell growth to limit cancers, and miRNAs may be an attractive option. Other organs, such as the kidney, have miRNAs that are critical in their proper development [88]. Water absorption is crucial for kidney function and can be controlled by miR-320a, which in turn regulates aquaporins [89]. Other important kidney functions, such as electrolyte balance and blood pressure, are also regulated by miRNAs [90]. We have previously mentioned miR-34a in retinal epithelium, but other miRNAs have functions in diabetes and other cardiovascular diseases that are not mechanosensitive. To conclude, while many of these miRNAs surround cell growth, proliferation, and apoptosis, the multitude of miRNAs being reported for these different tissue subtypes are varied.
Nanocomposite Membranes in Water Treatment
Published in P.K. Tewari, Advanced Water Technologies, 2020
Aquaporins are the protein channels that control water flux across biological membranes.279 Aquaporin is found widely in human tissues for rapid passive transport of water across cell membranes. Such transport channels exist in the cells of species in all three domains of life. Water movement in aquaporins is mediated by selective rapid diffusion caused by osmotic gradients.280 The hourglass shape of aquaporin-1 (AQP1), with selective extracellular and intracellular vestibules at each end, allows water molecules to pass rapidly in single file, while excluding proteins.281 A constant number of molecules are assumed to occupy the aquaporin channel at all times and the water molecules are assumed to move together in discrete translocations, or hops.282
Promising Nanomaterials and Their Applications in Energy Technology
Published in Keka Talukdar, Nanomaterials-Based Composites for Energy Applications, 2019
Nanomembranes, on the other hand, are present in all living cell. These are useful for transportation of food or oxygen to different cells. Mimicking their structure, nanomembranes using nanocomposites can be prepared, which has lots of potential in water treatment and sensors. These are dimension less than 100 nm [5]. These are porous structures only a few molecules thick, can be thought of comprised of molecularly engraved materials and ideal for biosensing purpose in treating diseases. Natural aquaporins in them form water channel and have huge application in nanomedicine. NMs-based composites are also in focus on preparing absorbents, and particles like TiO2 are examined continuously to eliminate contamination.
Reclamation of forward osmosis reject water containing hexavalent chromium via coupled electrochemical-physical processes
Published in Environmental Technology, 2022
Milad Mousazadeh, Zohreh Naghdali, Işık Kabdaşlı, Miguel A. Sandoval, Fatima Ezzahra Titchou, Farideh Malekdar, Mahmoud Nasr, Carlos A. Martínez-Huitle, Eric Lichtfouse, Mohammad Mahdi Emamjomeh
FOR was obtained after the forward osmosis process which used a commercial aquaporin-based biomimetic polymeric membrane (Aquaporin Asia Pte. Ltd, Singapore). This process was performed in our previous work to treat a solution containing dichromate potassium [22]. The composition of the obtained feed solution includes CaCl2, KCl and MgCl2 were 0.012, 0.007 and 0.01 mg L−1, respectively. The initial concentration of Cr(VI) in reject water (as feed solution or concentrated solution) was 69 mg L−1. The pH value and the electrical conductivity were 7.1 and 18 mS m−1. These initial values were maintained constant in all the experiment set-up. Thereupon, the obtained reject water was subjected to the Fe-EC reactor as mentioned in the following section.
Study on removal of pyrene by Agropyron cristatum L. in pyrene–Ni co-contaminated soil
Published in International Journal of Phytoremediation, 2020
Xinying Zhang, Jing Chen, Xiaoyan Liu, Yanming Zhang, Yuqi Zou, Jingxi Yuan
Studies have shown that the plasma membrane H+-ATP activity was closely related to the absorption process of PAHs (Fabiani et al. 1999; Catalano et al. 2012). Due to the particularity of the structure and function of the plasma membrane, it is involved in the process of material exchange inside and outside the cell, so it is essential for cell growth and regulation of intracellular stress (Kurtyka et al. 2018). The absorption of pyrene in the Na3VO4 and DNP addition groups was significantly reduced, indicating that the absorption process of pyrene is related to P-type ATPase activity and ATP hydrolysis. What is more, the presence of heavy metal Ni can disturb the normal absorption pathway of plants to pyrene, mainly because the presence of heavy metals reduced the absorption and dissipation of PAHs (Lu et al. 2014). Aquaporin, a membrane protein that can play water, glycerol, etc., which plays an important role in maintaining water homeostasis and cellular metabolism in different organs (Aikman et al. 2018). Zn2+ has been shown to inhibit water channels (Kato et al. 2013), and its addition also makes the absorption of hydrazine lower than the control, further indicating that the absorption of pyrene also passes through the water channel. It is notable that the addition of glycerol did not significantly inhibit the absorption of pyrene, which was due to the fact that glycerol could affect the recombination of the cytoskeleton, thereby absorbing more PAHs with higher molecular weight and hydrophobicity (Li et al. 2018).
New development of atomic layer deposition: processes, methods and applications
Published in Science and Technology of Advanced Materials, 2019
Peter Ozaveshe Oviroh, Rokhsareh Akbarzadeh, Dongqing Pan, Rigardt Alfred Maarten Coetzee, Tien-Chien Jen
The biological aquaporin protein channel – a cellular membrane found in the kidney and other cells. with water transport rates of 109 per pore per second with the complete rejection of ions are shown in Figure 12 (left). This provides a working example of a membrane pore that demonstrates fast water flux and selective ion rejection through nanopores at low applied pressure than current reverse osmosis membranes. It shows the complex structural features of the biological pores, short narrow passageway for water and the repulsive hydrophobic walls and the staircase of stabilising polar groups.