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Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for Brain Targeting
Published in Raj K. Keservani, Anil K. Sharma, Rajesh K. Kesharwani, Nanocarriers for Brain Targeting, 2019
M. M. de Araujo, L. B. Tofani, I. L. Suzuki, P. D. Marcato, M. V. L. B. Bentley
Preclinical studies in 2008 showed that the blocking of VEGF-mediated neoangiogenesis could promote tumor infiltration (possibly by overexpression of proinvasive molecules or by cooption of existing cerebral blood vessels) and recruitment of circulating EC into the neoplasm (Norden et al., 2008). These data suggest that anti-VEGF signaling pathway inhibition could optimally work only if combined to other cytotoxic chemotherapeu-tics, to non-VEGF-mediated antiangiogenetic factors, or to radiotherapy.
Current state of artificial intelligence applications in ophthalmology and their potential to influence clinical practice
Published in Cogent Engineering, 2021
Dasharathraj K Shetty, Abhiroop Talasila, Swapna Shanbhag, Vathsala Patil, B.M Zeeshan Hameed, Nithesh Naik, Adithya Raju
Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy (anti-VEGF) prevents vascular endothelial growth, thus reducing the growth of new vessels in the macular region of the retina. Using ML to predict anti-VEGF injection requirements for AMD can reduce economic burden on patients. Bogunovic et al. used a random forest classifier to train Optical coherence tomography (OCT) images of patients on anti-VEGF medication to predict future requirements and obtained very solid AUC between 70% and 80% for the predictive model (Bogunovic et al., 2017). However, when a DCNN was trained with OCT scans regarding anti-VEGF injection requirements, Prahs et al. obtained better accuracy than using a RF classifier (Prahs et al., 2017). These studies proved to be an important step towards using image modalities to predict treatment intervals for medication for AMD.
Methacrylated gelatin hydrogels as corneal stroma substitutes: in vivo study
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2019
Cemile Kilic Bektas, Ayse Burcu, Gokhan Gedikoglu, Hande H. Telek, Firdevs Ornek, Vasif Hasirci
For the first rabbit, the hydrogel was inserted into a mid-stromal pocket in the cornea of the left eye and fixed with a suture (1GL) (Table 1). Right eye of the same rabbit was left untouched to serve as control (1BR). Netildex™, a common eye drop prescribed after eye surgeries [42], was started 2 days after implantation in order to prevent any inflammation. Figure 5 shows the implantation and 15 weeks follow-up under slit lamp. Examination on Day 2 showed no edema, ulcer or infection in either eye. Sutures were intact and hydrogel had not moved from the implant site. On the first week, a fibrous reaction and loss of clarity was observed (Figures 5A) most probably due to not applying Netlidex™ immediately after surgery. Maxidex® eye drop containing dexamethasone was started on Day 7 to prevent fibrous reaction according to Loftsson and Stefánsson [43]. Except this fibrin reaction, no other reaction such as edema, ulcer or infection was observed. Schirmer’s test was performed on both eyes of the rabbit and no difference in tear production was observed (Figure 5C). In order to study the corneal integrity, sodium fluorescein staining of the corneal surface was done. No damage and no differences were detected between the control and test eyes (Figure 5C). However, on the third week a deep vascularization was observed in the in GelMA carrying (1GL) eye while 1BR appeared normal (Figure 5B). Neovascularization of cornea is seen in cases of chemical burns, trauma, infection, inflammation and ischemia [44]. In order to remove this vascularization, one dose of sub-conjunctival anti-VEGF drug, Eyelea, was applied. In the following weeks (Figure 5A, Weeks 7-15) neovascularization was reduced significantly and cornea regained its clarity substantially. Anti-VEGF application is a common treatment for diseases like macular edema, neovascular glaucoma, neovascular age-related macular degeneration and other diseases causing neovascularization [44–46].