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Radiolabeled Agents for Molecular Imaging and/or Therapy
Published in George C. Kagadis, Nancy L. Ford, Dimitrios N. Karnabatidis, George K. Loudos, Handbook of Small Animal Imaging, 2018
Dimitrios Psimadas, Eirini A. Fragogeorgi
The L-type amino acid transporter-1 (LAT1, SLC7A5) is upregulated in a wide range of human cancers, positively correlated with the biological aggressiveness of tumors, and is a promising target for both imaging and therapy. A recent study by Ikotun et al. describes the development and biological evaluation of a novel 89Zr labeled antibody, 89Zr-DFO-Ab2, which targets the extracellular domain of LAT1 in a preclinical model of colorectal cancer (Ikotun et al. 2013). This tracer demonstrated specificity for LAT1 in vitro and in vivo with excellent tumor imaging properties in mice with tumor xenografts. PET imaging studies showed high tumor uptake, with optimal tumor-to-nontarget contrast achieved at 7 days postinjection, demonstrating the potential of immune-PET agents for imaging specific amino acid transporters.
Adansonia digitata ameliorates lead-induced memory impairments in rats by reducing glutamate concentration and oxidative stress
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2022
Eduitem S. Otong, Sunday A. Musa, Barnabas Danborno, Sohnap J. Sambo, Nathan I. Dibal
Glutamate is the most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter; it activates more than 50% of the brain synapses and is responsible for learning and memory [14]. Previous studies report that Pb exposure can influence glutamate signaling that plays an important role in neuronal degeneration and cognition [15,16]. In the brain, astrocytes carry glutamate through excitatory amino acid transporter-2 (EAAT-2) and glutamate transporter-1 (GLUT-1) in humans and rodents, respectively [17,18]. Glutamate acts on ionotrophic receptors to enhance ion entry into cells that eventually trigger intracellular signaling. N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA), an ionotrophic receptor, plays an important role in the progress of neurodegenerative diseases. NMDA binds to glutamate and prompts ion influx at post-synaptic membrane, thereby linking pre-synaptic ad post-synaptic activation [19,20]. Lead was reported to affect glutamate by selective blockage of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, responsible for neuronal plasticity and development [13].
Paraquat exposure and Parkinson’s disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Published in Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health, 2019
Wimonchat Tangamornsuksan, Ornrat Lohitnavy, Rosarin Sruamsiri, Nathorn Chaiyakunapruk, C. Norman Scholfield, Brad Reisfeld, Manupat Lohitnavy
Some evidence both in vitro and in vivo suggests that paraquat exerts its toxicological actions via dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra through extensive lipid peroxidation, thereby, generating reactive oxygen species followed by neuronal death.63–65 However, to demonstrate in vivo paraquat toxicities, relatively high doses (5–10 mg/kg) were employed probably irrelevant to humans in environmental or occupational settings. While hydrophilic paraquat cannot passively penetrate the CNS, it might translocate via a neutral amino acid transporter in humans.66–69