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Bioaugmentation: A Way Out for Remediation of Polluted Environments
Published in Rouf Ahmad Bhat, Moonisa Aslam Dervash, Khalid Rehman Hakeem, Khalid Zaffar Masoodi, Environmental Biotechnology, 2022
Mohammad Yaseen Mir, Saima Hamid, Gulab Khan Rohela
Bioaugmented microbes have increased the treatment of diesel fuel pollutants in contaminated soil by 50% (Lebkowska et al., 2011). Similarly, bioleaching with Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans has increased removal of 92.7% lead (Pb) in polluted soils (Lee and Kim, 2010). Motor oil pollutant (65%) is removed by bioaugmentation process in polluted soils (Abdulsalam and Omale, 2009). Compared to biostimulation (81%) process, bioaugmentation (86%) process removed diesel oil pollutant more effectively at Marambio Station in Antarctica (Ruberto et al., 2009). Similarly among the microbes, Pseudomonas putida (99.997%) has removed more amount of diesel oil pollutant than Acinetobacter lwoffi (99.99%) (Kolwzan, 2008). Additionally, with Geobacillus thermoleovorans T80, contaminated soils were improved in pollutant removal by 70% (Perfumo et al., 2007). Andreoni et al. (1998) used the Alcaligenes eutrophus to degrade 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP).
Mines: Acidic Drainage Water
Published in Brian D. Fath, Sven E. Jørgensen, Megan Cole, Managing Water Resources and Hydrological Systems, 2020
Wendy B. Gagliano, Jerry M. Bigham
The most studied bacterial species in mine drainage systems belong to the genus Acidithiobacillus (formerly Thiobacillus)[9] Species like Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans and A. ferrooxidans are important to sulfur and iron oxidation in acid drainage; however, many other microorganisms may also be involved.[10] Bacteria have been found in close association with pyrite grains and may play a direct role in mineral oxidation, but they most likely function indirectly through oxidation of dissolved Fe2+ as described previously. In low pH systems (<3), A. ferrooxidans can increase the rate of iron oxidation as much as five orders of magnitude relative to strictly abiotic rates.[6]
Microbe-mineral interactions at a Portuguese geo-archaeological site
Published in Cesareo Saiz-Jimenez, The Conservation of Subterranean Cultural Heritage, 2014
A.Z. Miller, A. Dionisio, M.E. Lopes, M.J. Afonso, H.I. Chamine
FESEM images of a stalactite fragment revealed small rhombohedral or pseudocubic crystals, <5 μm (Fig. 5A), on a slimy matrix (Fig. 5B). Similar crystals were reported by Jamieson et al. (2005) accumulated in stalactites and fine-grained mud from the Richmond mine (Iron Mountain, California). They were characterised as jarosite-group minerals, which are secondary minerals formed from the oxidation of sulfide deposits and commonly associated with acid rock-drainage at acid-mine waste sites (Basciano < Peterson 2007). The oxidation of sulfide minerals is exacerbated by the presence of Fe- and S-oxidising bacteria such as Leptospirillum ferrooxidans and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans, respectively (Ziegler et al. 2009, 2013, Jones et al. 2012). Ziegler et al. (2009) described jarosite embedded in snottites from an abandoned pyrite mine in the Harz Mountains in Germany. These snottites were found to be dominated by Leptospirillum ferrooxidans. In addition, archaea belonging to uncultured Thermoplasmatales, as well as ARMAN (Archaeal Richmond Mine Acidophilic Nanoorganism) were identified in the snottites from the German pyrite mine (Ziegler et al. 2013). Microbial cells were not evidenced in the mucolite-like stalactites from the Aveleiras mine by FESEM. However, the jarosite-like crystals seemed to be embedded in an organic matrix, probably of EPS, which points out to a biogenic origin.
Selenium in soil-microbe-plant systems: Sources, distribution, toxicity, tolerance, and detoxification
Published in Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2022
Anamika Kushwaha, Lalit Goswami, Jechan Lee, Christian Sonne, Richard J. C. Brown, Ki-Hyun Kim
Oxidation of Se0 by bacteria was demonstrated in a sulfur cycle in which elemental sulfur (S0) was oxidized to sulfuric acid by Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans (Staicu & Barton, 2017). As the reduced Se did not accumulate in the soil, this suggests the presence of an oxidative component in the cycle (Shrift, 1964). Bacillus megaterium isolated from Se-rich soils oxidized only 1.5% of Se0 to SeO32− and SeO42− (primarily SeO32−) after 40 days of incubation. Dowdle and Oremland (1998) reported Se0 oxidation by mixed bacterial soil cultures, heterotrophic soil enrichment, and axenic cultures (Leptothrix and Thiobacillus strains). In the slurries, the addition of a carbon substrate (e.g., glucose and acetate) enhanced Se0 oxidation, indicating contributions of chemoautotrophic Thiobacilli and chemoheterotrophs, while Leptothrix strain MNB-1, Thiobacillus ASN-1, and heterotrophic soil augmentation oxidized Se0 to SeO42−.
Optimization of zinc bioleaching from paint sludge using Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans based on response surface methodology
Published in Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 2021
Fatemeh Honarjooy Barkusaraey, Roya Mafigholami, Mohammad Faezi Ghasemi, Gholam Khayati
One of the most extensively used acidophilic chemoautotrophic bacteria in bioleaching studies is Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans; it can oxidize elemental sulfur as an electron donor in the electron transport chain and generate sulfuric acid, and as a result, decrease the pH of the medium. The energy source of this bacterium is earned through the oxidation-reduction of sulfur compounds, and elemental sulfur converts to sulfuric acid, which results in heavy metals dissolution in the Medium.[15] Live bacteria A. thiooxidans (PTCC No: 1692) obtained from the Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST) were cultured in A. thiooxidans medium (No: 119) with the following composition: NH4Cl, 0.1 g; KH2PO4, 3 g; MgCl2.6 H2O, 0.1 g; CaCl2.2 H2O, 0.14 g; and powdered sulfur, 10 g. All materials, except the sulfur, were dissolved in 1000 mL of distilled water, and after the pH was adjusted to 4.2, they were autoclaved. The sulfur was poured into tubes with screw caps and sterilized by autoclaving at 112 °C for 15 minutes. Before use, the sulfur was placed on the surface of a sterile liquid medium under aseptic conditions.[16]
Changes in the fractionation profile of Al, Ni, and Mo during bioleaching of spent hydroprocessing catalysts with Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans
Published in Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 2018
Ashish Pathak, Mark G. Healy, Liam Morrison
In recent years, a biotechnological leaching technique called ‘bioleaching’ has gained attention as an efficient and eco-friendly method for the recovery of metals from spent catalysts.[7] The bioleaching technique exploits the oxidization potential of acidophilic bacteria such as Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans (At. ferrooxidans) and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans (At. thiooxidans) to transform insoluble metallic species to soluble entities. Many studies have reported the potential of bioleaching in the recovery of different metals (Al, Mo, Ni, and V) from spent catalyst.[7–9] In most of these studies, the bioleaching yield of the metal was reported based on the total metal content of individual metals. However, it is now widely recognized that determining the total content of metals does not adequately quantify their bioavailability and mobility, or their potential environmental risks.[10] This is because toxicity depends not only on total concentrations but also on the bioavailable fraction of a given metal.[11] The metals present in the spent catalyst are therefore likely to exist in different chemical fractions, which will eventually affect their mobility and bioavailability.[8] In addition, the efficiency of the bioleaching process will also be largely dependent on the fractionation of metals, as each metal exhibits different energy states in the spent catalysts.