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MRI Imaging of Seminal Vesicle Invasion (SVI) in Prostate Adenocarcinoma
Published in Ayman El-Baz, Gyan Pareek, Jasjit S. Suri, Prostate Cancer Imaging, 2018
Samuel A. Gold, Graham R. Hale, Kareem N. Rayn, Vladimir Valera, Jonathan B. Bloom, Peter A. Pinto
Cancer contained within the prostate is most often treated with radical prostatectomy (RP). In this procedure, the prostate (retained within the capsule) is excised along with the seminal vesicles and portions of the vas deferens. This has shown to be a very successful procedure because cancer localized within the prostatic capsule is completely removed and rates of PCa-specific survival following 10 years are very high [10]. However, if the cancer has invaded beyond the capsule (T3 disease), the risks of pathologic complications and poor outcomes are significantly higher. Extraprostatic extension is shown to increase the rates of surgical margins positive for cancerous tissue (absolute risk increase [ARI] 20%) and biochemical recurrence (ARI 10% over 15 years), and decrease cancer-specific survival (absolute risk reduction [ARR] 9% over 15 years) [11].
Cryoablation as a first-line therapy for atrial fibrillation: current status and future prospects
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2022
Jason G. Andrade, Marc W. Deyell, Marc Dubuc, Laurent Macle
In contrast to prior studies of first-line radiofrequency ablation, these three cryoballoon ablation studies demonstrated a consistent and substantial reduction in arrhythmia recurrence (Figure 2) [11,17,44,45]. Documented recurrence of any atrial tachyarrhythmia lasting longer than 30 seconds within 1-year occurred in 17.2–42.9% of patients randomized to cryoballoon ablation and 32.4–67.8% of patients randomized to AADs, with differences in absolute rates of arrhythmia recurrence being driven by the intensity of arrhythmia monitoring employed within the study. Specifically, noninvasive intermittent rhythm monitoring (e.g. ambulatory Holter ECG monitors, as employed in Cryo-FIRST and STOP-AF First) lacks sensitivity in detecting paroxysmal arrhythmia and overstates the estimates of arrhythmia-free survival compared to continuous rhythm monitoring (e.g. implantable cardiac monitors, as employed in EARLY-AF) [46]. However, as the monitoring was applied consistently within the studies, the relative rates of recurrence between the randomized groups were remarkably consistent between studies (Risk Ratio [RR] 0.61 for recurrent atrial tachyarrhythmia, 95% CI, 0.51–0.73, weighted absolute risk reduction of 19% with cryoballoon ablation) [17,44,45]. Similarly, freedom from symptomatic atrial tachyarrhythmia (RR 0.42, 95% CI 0.25–0.71, absolute 15.2% reduction in recurrence) and reduction in AF burden were significantly better with first-line cryoballoon ablation.
On Damage Detection System Information for Structural Systems
Published in Structural Engineering International, 2018
Sebastian Thöns, Michael Döhler, Lijia Long
The relative risk reduction relates the absolute risk reduction to the total risks without utilizing the DDS information and can thus be seen as a measure for the significance of the risk reduction. The risk reduction varies between 2.3 and 6.0% for sensor and between 18.4 and 32.8% for sensor (Fig. 7b). The behaviour of the relative risk reduction dependent on the damage and the resistance correlation is very similar to the risk reduction, as the system failure probability varies linearly and to a limited extent.