China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Role of Krüppel-Like Factors in Endothelial Cell Function and Shear Stress–Mediated Vasoprotection
Published in Juhyun Lee, Sharon Gerecht, Hanjoong Jo, Tzung Hsiai, Modern Mechanobiology, 2021
TNF-α signaling is a major driver of endothelial inflammation in atherosclerosis and is mediated through a NF-xB and MAPK mechanism that results in the upregulation of activation protein 1 (AP-1) [70]. Shear stress–induced KLF2 inhibits activating transcription factor 2 (ATF2), one of the heterodimeric components of AP-1 [71]. Increased levels of phosphorylated ATF2 are seen in endothelial cells overlying early atherosclerotic plaques. Knockdown studies using small interfering RNA (siRNA) against KLF2 suppressed the inhibitory effect of shear stress on ATF2. Furthermore, KLF2 excluded phosphorylated ATF2 from the nucleus [71], thereby inhibiting ATF2’s ability to activate inflammatory pathways.
Immunomodulatory Activities of Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) in Human Neutrophils
Published in Huiliang Cao, Silver Nanoparticles for Antibacterial Devices, 2017
Both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of cell apoptosis are known to be activated during spontaneous human neutrophil apoptosis as evidenced by several parameters, including caspase-9 (intrinsic) and caspase-8 (extrinsic) activation (Bruno et al. 2005; Cross et al. 2008; Ge and Rikihisa 2006). More recently, we were the first to determine that the ER stress-induced cell apoptotic pathway is also operational in human PMNs (Binet et al. 2010). Indeed, PMNs were found to express inositol-requiring protein-1 (IRE1), activating transcription factor-6 (ATF6) and protein kinase RNA (PKR)–like ER kinase (PERK), the three major sensors of protein folding status in the ER (Ron and Walter 2007; Todd et al. 2008).
Chronic Arsenic Exposure to Drinking Water
Published in M. Manzurul Hassan, Arsenic in Groundwater, 2018
Lipid peroxidation and renal cell damage due to increase ROS activity and oxidative stress are important mechanisms in arsenic-induced renal toxicity and kidney complications (El-Demerdash et al., 2009; Kokilavani et al., 2005). Increasing the expression of Hemeoxygenase-1, Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK), and other signaling pathways that regulate transcription factors (e.g., activating transcription factor-2, activator protein-1, and ETS domain containing protein ELK-1) causes renal toxicity (Parrish et al., 1999; Sasaki et al., 2007; Singh et al., 2011).
Toxicological and pharmacokinetic properties of sucralose-6-acetate and its parent sucralose: in vitro screening assays
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 2023
Susan S. Schiffman, Elizabeth H. Scholl, Terrence S. Furey, H. Troy Nagle
Thirty-four (34) genes were differentially expressed between sucralose-6-acetate and control samples, and 23 of these were identified. The expression of 16 of the identified genes significantly increased in the sucralose-6-acetate samples as compared to controls (Table 9), and the expression of 7 of the identified genes significantly decreased in the sucralose-6-acetate samples compared to controls (Table 10). In Table 9, three additional named but uncharacterized genes including LOC399900, LOC105371483, and LOC107986058 also exhibited significantly increased expression in sucralose-6-acetate than control. Twenty (20) of the 23 identified genes encode proteins while 2 of these are non-coding RNAs and 1 is a pseudogene. A brief description of each gene is presented in Tables 9 and 10 along with fold change and significance values. The fold changes for sucralose-6-acetate relative to control for three genes, metallothionein 1 G (MT1G), serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT2), and activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) were exceptionally large at 253.82, 81.23, and 54.49 respectively.
Benzo[a]pyrene osteotoxicity and the regulatory roles of genetic and epigenetic factors: A review
Published in Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2022
Jiezhang Mo, Doris Wai-Ting Au, Jiahua Guo, Christoph Winkler, Richard Yuen-Chong Kong, Frauke Seemann
Additionally, when F0 medaka were exposed to BaP (1 μg/L via waterborne exposure for 21 days), abnormal vertebral compression was found in 17 dph larvae of the F1-F3 generations (Mo et al., 2020; Seemann et al., 2015,). Notochord sheath impairment, bone tissue reduction, and decreased OB abundance were associated with compressed vertebrae in F3 larvae that were ancestrally exposed to BaP (Seemann et al., 2015). The expression of activating transcription factor 4 (atf4) and/or osterix (osx) were downregulated, collagen 10 a1 (col10a1) was variably expressed, and SRY-box transcription factor 9a/b (sox9a/b) expression was deregulated in whole larvae of the F1-F3 generations with ancestral BaP exposure, indicating that OB differentiation during bone formation may have been adversely affected (Seemann et al., 2015).
Cytocompatibility and osteogenic differentiation of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth with cotton cellulose nanofibers for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2022
Rafaella de S. S. Zanette, Leonara Fayer, Eduarda R. de Oliveira, Camila G. Almeida, Cauê R. Oliveira, Luiz F. C. de Oliveira, Carlos M. C. Maranduba, Érika C. Alvarenga, Humberto M. Brandão, Michele Munk
The cells were treated with various cotton CNF concentrations (0, 0.1, 1, 10, 50, and 100 µg mL−1) for 48 h, and total RNA was extracted from three pools of 2 × 105 cells per group using the RNeasy Micro Kit instructions (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) and treated with DNase. According to the manufacturer’s instructions, the cDNA was generated from total RNA by reverse transcription using SuperScript III First-Strand Synthesis Supermix (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA). Quantification of RNA and cDNA from each pooled sample was performed using a 1 µL sample in a spectrophotometer (Nanodrop, Wilmington, DE, USA). Relative quantification was performed in six-plicate using real-time PCR (Applied Biosystems 7500 Fast Real-Time PCR System, Foster City, CA, USA). Reactions were prepared using a mixture of SYBR Green PCR Master Mix (Applied Biosystems), primers, nuclease-free water, and cDNA. For glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APTR), Death Associated Protein Kinase 1 (DAPK1) genes, 150 ng cDNA per reaction were used, whereas for genes Heat Shock Protein Family A member 5 (HSPA5), Activating Transcription Factor 4 (ATF4), B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) and BCL2 associated X protein (BAX) 600 ng cDNA were used per reaction.