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Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Drugs Delivered to the Lung
Published in Anthony J. Hickey, Sandro R.P. da Rocha, Pharmaceutical Inhalation Aerosol Technology, 2019
Stefanie K. Drescher, Mong-Jen Chen, Jürgen B. Bulitta, Günther Hochhaus
For the alveolar epithelial region, there is no suitable cell line available. Most of the primary alveolar epithelial cell lines arise from the alveolar type II cells (Forbes and Ehrhardt 2005). The well-known and widely used human cell line A549 is derived from a human pulmonary adenocarcinoma of a 58-year-old Caucasian man (Ehrhardt and Kim 2008; Steimer et al. 2005). This cell line lacks functional tight junctions which limits its use for absorption studies; however, the A549 cell line reveals biological characteristics of alveolar epithelial type II cells (Forbes and Ehrhardt 2005; Steimer et al. 2005). The A549 models are accepted to access pulmonary toxicity and have been used in metabolism, cytotoxicity, and gene delivery studies (Ehrhardt and Kim 2008; Steimer et al. 2005).
Characterizing the interaction between micro(nano)plastics and simulated body fluids and their impact on human lung epithelial cells
Published in Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 2023
Hasan Saygin, Ahu Soyocak, Asli Baysal, Ayse Mine Saridag
The cytotoxicity of the micro(nano)plastics has been examined in a few studies in which dermal, blood or colon cells, rather than A549 cells, were mainly used to determine the toxicological mechanisms.[9,20] To understand the cell responses, the zeta potentials and particle sizes of the plastic particles were investigated but other physicochemical characteristics were not appropriately addressed.[1,14,21–24] Toxicological endpoints are primarily examined based on mitochondrial activity; however, other toxicological endpoints (e.g., membrane lipids, and proteins) have been underestimated. The responses of inhalation- or respiratory-related cells have remained unexamined, although inhalation is one of the main exposure routes. In this field, A549 cells serve as a good model system as they reflect the human respiratory epithelium and are widely used to assess lung injury and the toxicology of lung tissue in vitro.[24] Moreover, many toxicological studies use the specific formation of pure polymers. However, plastic materials include additives that are added during the production of end products, and pure polymers exhibit different surface properties from the end products in terms of morphological attributes, size ranges, and aspect ratios.[18,20] These surface properties affect their fate.
Evaluating the cytotoxicity of tin dioxide nanofibers
Published in Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 2018
Ashley S. Reynolds, Tanya H. Pierre, Rebecca McCall, Ji Wu, Worlanyo E. Gato
The chemicals required for electrospinning were polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) obtained from Sigma Aldrich, ethanol from Fisher Scientific, glacial acetic acid from Acros Organics, and Sn(IV) t-butoxide from Gelest Inc. The human lung cancer cell line used was A549 obtained from the ATCC. Plastic ware used for cell culture included generic T-75 flasks, 80.5 mm diameter culture dishes, and treated 96-well plates. Cells were cultured in media that consisted of RPMI 1640 with 2 mM glutamine and 25 nM HEPES (Corning 10041CV) with 10% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum(Sigma f6178) and 1X penicillin-streptomycin (Sigma p4333). Trypsin Hyclone SH30236.01) and phosphate buffer saline (Sigma d8537) were used for maintaining cells. MTT assays were completed using thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (Alfa Aesar L11939). The electrospun SnDNFs were characterized using JEOL JSM-7600F field emission SEM. Powder x-ray diffraction was done using Rigaku XtaLAB Mini X-ray Diffractometer. Raman spectroscopy was done using a Thermo Scientific DXR Raman Microscope. The LDH assay was completed using Promega's CytoTox 96 Non-Radioactive Cytotoxicity assay. Colorimetric assays done in cell culture work were completed using Molecular Devices plate reader. RNA extraction was completed using the Qiagen RNeasy Plus Universal Kit. BET was done using Micromeretics Gemini Series Surface Area Analyzer. Primers for PCR were obtained from Integrated DNA Technologies Inc (IDT).
PEG-modification on the endo-position of an antisense oligonucleotide increases tumor accumulation via the EPR effect
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2018
Kenji Hagiwara, Kana Kurihara, Masakazu Honma, Junichiro Yamamoto, Fumikazu Shinohara
A549 cells, derived from human lung adenocarcinoma, were obtained from American Type Culture Collection. The cells were maintained in Ham’s F-12K Medium (Gibco) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and 1% penicillin/streptomycin. The cells were harvested using trypsin treatment (Life Technologies) to make tumor-bearing models. The models were established by subcutaneous inoculation of 5 × 106 A549 cells in 0.05 mL PBS into the back of the mice. The tumor volume was calculated using the following formula: volume = width2 × length × 0.5. When the tumor volume reached approximately 100 mm3, mice were euthanized and used for each analysis.