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Microorganisms in Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology
Published in Nduka Okafor, Benedict C. Okeke, Modern Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2017
Nduka Okafor, Benedict C. Okeke
The current classification of living organisms is based on the work of Carl R. Woese of the University of Illinois (Fig. 2.2). Greater knowledge of molecular basis of cell function led to today’s classification based on the sequence of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) in the 16S of the small subunit (SSU) of the prokaryotic ribosome, and the 18S ribosomal unit of eukaryotes. The rRNA sequence is used for the following reasons:16S (or 18S) rRNA is essential to the ribosome, and found in all living things;its function is identical in all ribosomes;its sequence changes very slowly with evolutionary time, and it contains variable and stable sequences which enable the comparison of closely related as well as distantly related species.
Acetic acid acting as a signaling molecule in the quorum sensing system increases 2,3-butanediol production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Published in Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology, 2022
Chi Zhang, Xiaohang Zhou, Tianqi Tong, Jingping Ge
RNA was extracted from S. cerevisiae W141 single culture, cultures to which different concentrations of acetic acid had been added, and coculture samples using the Yeast Total RNA Rapid Extraction Kit (Tiangen Biotech Co., Ltd., China). Both the purity and concentration of these RNA samples were determined using a NanoDrop 2000 spectrophotometer (Thermo Scientific Co., Ltd., USA) by measuring their absorbance ratios at 260/280 nm and 260/230 nm. Reverse transcription was performed using the BioRT cDNA First Strand Synthesis Kit (TransGen Biotech Co., Ltd., China). Diluted cDNAs equivalent to 1 ng of RNA starting material were used as the templates for real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) amplification. qRT-PCR was performed with at least three biological replicates using SYBR Green-based detection in triplicate in a 7500 Real-Time PCR System (Applied Biosystems, Inc., USA). The 18S rRNA gene was chosen as an internal control to normalize RNA levels.