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Automotive Gear Lubricants
Published in Leslie R. Rudnick, Synthetics, Mineral Oils, and Bio-Based Lubricants, 2020
A drive axle set is used with the transmission to change the rotational direction of the power for use by the drive wheels. This may be in the form of a transaxle or a free standing gearbox (differential axle). This secondary gear set will usually further modify the speed and torque depending on the specific vehicle type and performance requirements. It usually consists of a planetary, spiral bevel, or hypoid gear set coupled with a differential slip mechanism. The slip mechanism allows the inboard drive wheel to turn more slowly than the outboard wheel in a turn. The slip mechanism may be of full controlled slip, limited slip, or locking design. In front-wheel vehicles, predominately passenger cars, this directional change is handled by a transaxle, an integrated transmission, and axle assembly located adjacent to the engine. In rear-wheel vehicles, the differential is separated from the transmission by a power shaft and is usually part of the axle/wheel assembly. In passenger cars and small and mid size trucks, there is usually only one differential supplying 2–4 drive wheels. In heavy-duty trucks and some four-wheel vehicles, there may be two differentials supplying from 4 to 8 drive wheels.
Manual Transmission and Transaxles
Published in G. K. Awari, V. S. Kumbhar, R. B. Tirpude, Automotive Systems, 2021
G. K. Awari, V. S. Kumbhar, R. B. Tirpude
The combined assembly of the transmission and differential is called a transaxle, which is a part of front-wheel-drive vehicles. Transaxle may be manual or automatic. The transaxle has certain advantages as it is a front-engine, front-wheel drive: compact structure, improved traction due to higher weight at the front side, more space in the passenger compartment, etc. The output of the transaxle through transmission and differential is given to the hubs and drive wheels with the drive axles.
Power Transmission, Brakes and Cooling Systems
Published in Iqbal Husain, Electric and Hybrid Vehicles, 2021
In some passenger vehicle, the transmission, driveshaft, differential and the final drive are combined into one lightweight device known as transaxle. It is typically used with transverse mounted engines such that its rotating axis is parallel to that of the drive axles and engine crankshaft. The arrangement does not require a change in direction enabling more efficient power transmission.
Driveline Lubricant Impacts on Dynamic Seal Test Life
Published in Tribology Transactions, 2018
Hongmei Zhao, Jiatong Chai, Xiaoming Lin, Wei Wang, Jeanne Petko, Valerie Woodward, Monica Ford
In this article, we present an experimental investigation of driveline lubricant impact on laboratory dynamic seal test life. Fluids from two representative driveline subsystems were chosen: a commercial vehicle axle and a passenger vehicle transaxle unit from a front-wheel-drive manual transmission. Two lubricants were chosen for testing for each subsystem type. In the case of the axle oils, the two lubricants were blended with the same base stock but with different additive packages and are thus similar in finished fluid viscosity. For the manual transmission fluids, base stocks of a similar type but with different viscosities were chosen as well as different additive packages. Fluid rheological and surface adhesion measurements were made on the pretest lubricants.
Vehicle dynamics control of an electric-all-wheel-drive hybrid electric vehicle using tyre force optimisation and allocation
Published in Vehicle System Dynamics, 2019
J. Velazquez Alcantar, F. Assadian
The general drivetrain architecture used in the eAWD HEV proposed in this paper is given in Figure 1. As can be seen from the figure, the front axle is powered by the traditional Power Split (PS) series-parallel hybrid transaxle with an open differential. The rear axle is powered by an electric rear axle drive (eRAD) unit. The particular eRAD proposed uses a main traction motor to provide the traction force to the wheels and a small torque vectoring motor that can actively distribute wheel torque from one wheel to the other. Thus the eAWD HEV utilises a torque vectoring eRAD (TVeRAD) to power the rear wheels.