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Feedback Properties of Vehicle Controls
Published in Guy H. Walker, Neville A. Stanton, Paul M. Salmon, Vehicle Feedback and Driver Situation Awareness, 2018
Guy H. Walker, Neville A. Stanton, Paul M. Salmon
The other instance of the direct zero-order relationship faltering is due to a phenomenon termed brake fade. If the heat generated by the brakes reaches a certain level, and cannot be dissipated quickly enough, then brake pedal effort increases whilst braking performance decreases (the brakes feel ‘wooden’). Brake fade occurs due to the braking components not being able to dissipate the heat generated by the vehicles kinetic energy, and this in turn can cause the hydraulic fluid which supplies the braking force to the callipers to boil and/or the friction materials to catch fire. With the brakes in this condition the direct linear relationship between braking force and brake pedal position fails. Brake fade becomes counterintuitive to the driver who invariably will press the brake pedal even harder. In a situation not dissimilar to sudden unintended acceleration the feedback loop reverses. In this condition the brake needs to cool down, and continuing with a brake application will achieve the reverse of what the driver is demanding. Thus the situation becomes that of unstable ‘positive feedback’, or continuing with the very activity that only serves to make the error worse.
Automotive Trends in Asia
Published in Leslie R. Rudnick, Synthetics, Mineral Oils, and Bio-Based Lubricants, 2020
Government officials, automotive experts, Toyota, and members of the general public questioned the scope of the sudden acceleration issue and the veracity of victim and problem reports. Some attributed sudden unintended acceleration reports to mechanical, electric, and driver error causes. Some U.S. owners that had their recalled vehicles repaired still reported accelerator pedal issues, leading to investigations and the finding of improper repairs.
Cursor movements to targets labelled “stop”: a kinematic analysis
Published in Ergonomics, 2022
J. G. Phillips, L. R. D. Pringle, B. Hughes, A. Van Gemmert
The aim of this study was to develop a greater understanding of Stroop-like interferences in motor responses and investigate if Stroop-like interferences could lead to accidents. While the current study created a delayed interference effect, some of the results are important. The label STOP was shown to increase speed but reduce accuracy, due to greater endpoint variability and less terminal guidance. As is predicted by information accumulation models, fast responses are inherently less accurate than slower responses due to slower responses having more information to support their response (Heitz 2014). The results of this study suggest that stop stimuli can encourage faster, but less accurate responses (Li et al. 2020). Similarly, Gaspar and McGehee (2019) found that while parking, drivers can miss the brake pedal leading to sudden unintended acceleration as a result of fast yet inaccurate stop responses. Indeed, as ageing tends to exaggerate any abductive/adductive differences in movement (Morgan et al. 1994), this could exacerbate any problems operating such controls. Hence there is a need for emergency shutdown controls to be large and distinctive—brightly coloured—rather than exhaustively labelled.
Adoption of a telemetry system by a logistics service provider for road transport of express cargo: a case study in Brazil
Published in International Journal of Logistics Research and Applications, 2019
Geraldo Cardoso de Oliveira Neto, Ivanir Costa, Washington Carvalho de Sousa, Marlene Paula Castro Amorim, Moacir Godinho Filho
The study also suggests that the implementation of a telemetry system alone is not a guarantee of better operational efficiency, but rather that there is a need to complement this implementation with the specification of adequate performance indicators to control the processes, according to the work of Tseng and Liao (2015). In this study, the adoption of the telemetry system was complemented by the creation of the following 5 specific performance indicators: (i) slow-paced engine use by the driver, (ii) engine not engaged by driver, (iii) sudden unintended acceleration, (iv) sudden unintended stop and (v) high velocity during rainy and dry conditions. Such indicators were not previously quoted in works within this field and are proposed as primary performance indicators in this study. Building on the case study observations, and as a further contribution of this work, a set of propositions are derived and described in the following paragraphs.