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Tire Testing and Performance
Published in Brendan Rodgers, Tire Engineering, 2020
Hydroplaning is the phenomenon of reduced tire traction performance on wet surfaces and is particularly evident at high speeds. Hydroplaning is the lifting of the tire tread surface off the road due to the layer of water. Total hydroplaning is the complete separation of the tread from the road surface, i.e., %Hydroplaning=[DynamicFootprintArea/StaticFootprintArea]×100
Evaluating wet-weather driving safety risks of pavement ruts
Published in Sandra Erkens, Xueyan Liu, Kumar Anupam, Yiqiu Tan, Functional Pavement Design, 2016
A 3-dimentional finite-element simulation model developed by the authors earlier (Ong and Fwa 2007, Fwa and Ong 2008) is employed to estimate the hydroplaning speed on a rutted pavement under either Wet-Weather Condition I or II. The key element in the computation of hydroplaning speed on a highway pavement is the determination of the hydrodynamic uplift force acting on the vehicle tires by the water along the rut. Hydroplaning is said to occur when the total fluid uplift force is equal to the tire load and there is no contact between the tire and the pavement surface The corresponding vehicle speed at this instant is termed as the hydroplaning speed.
Analysis and mitigation of hydroplaning risk considering spatial-temporal water condition on the pavement surface
Published in International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 2022
Water flows over the pavement surface will reduce skid resistance and cause hydroplaning risk when vehicles abruptly enter standing water after driving on relatively dry pavement (Ong and Fwa 2007; Liu et al. 2019). When vehicles run on wet pavement at high speeds, a thin layer of water film would accumulate ahead of tires, leading to the lift force on the tire. When the lift force of water reaches a certain level that can cause the tire to lose contact with the road surface, full dynamic hydroplaning occurs (Fwa and Ong 2008). The hydroplaning vehicles may crash into another vehicle or fixed objectives, leading to severe consequences. Based on the analysis on seven years (2010–2016) of crash data from the Louisiana (US) traffic crash database, the multiple-vehicle hydroplaning crashes were higher in percentage than single-vehicle crashes, and its percentage was also high under normal conditions (roadways with no abnormalities, normal driving, and non-distracted drivers) (Das et al. 2020). According to the data shown on the American National Highway Traffic Safety Administration website, around 8% of hydroplaning traffic crashes will lead to fatalities in the United States every year. Therefore, it is desired to predict hydroplaning speed based on water conditions on the roadway surface, so that the drivers can be warned ahead of time to reduce hydroplaning risk and improve traffic safety.
Computational investigation of hydroplaning risk of wide-base truck tyres on roadway
Published in International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 2020
As one of the key issues for safe driving on wet pavement, hydroplaning occurs when a tyre loses contact with water-covered road surface by water pressure that builds up with the increasing vehicle speed (Stocker et al.1974, Veith 1983). Many experimental and numerical studies have been conducted to predict hydroplaning speed for passenger car tyres and aircraft tyres (Harrin 1958, Horne and Dreher 1963, Sinnamon 1974, Ong et al.2005, Fwa and Ong 2007). The studies on hydroplaning by various researchers have revealed valuable knowledge on the mechanisms and factors affecting tyre hydroplaning. Several empirical equations for determining hydroplaning speed have been widely employed (Harrin 1958, Gallaway 1979). However, these studies focused on the hydroplaning risk on passenger car tyres and very few attentions have been given to hydroplaning on truck tyre, especially on wide-base tyres.
Evaluation of hydroplaning potential using Mobile Lidar measurements for network-level pavement management applications
Published in Road Materials and Pavement Design, 2022
Charles F. Gurganusa, Shi Chang, Nasir G. Gharaibeh
Hydroplaning can be defined as the separation of the tire from the pavement surface, caused by a layer of fluid (Gallaway et al., 1979; Ong et al., 2005). This layer of fluid, typically water, is often described as the water film thickness (WFT) or water film depth (WFD). The WFT is the water sitting above the texture of the pavement, whereas the total water depth (WD) describes the total water thickness, part of which is contained in the pavement macrotexture (Anderson et al., 1998; Gallaway et al., 1971; Gallaway et al., 1979; Gurganus et al., 2017; Luo et al., 2014; Luo et al., 2016; Ong et al., 2005; Yassin et al., 2013).