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Published in Tim Turner, One Team on All Levels, 2011
Toyotas also have front and rear energy-absorbing crumple zones and side impact door beams, to protect the occupants during a collision. Another safety feature Toyotas have is hill start assist (HSA), which prevents the vehicle from rolling backward while taking off from a stop on an incline. A twelfth security feature is a collapsible steering column, which means that upon impact of the steering column, the steering column will collapse, preventing the steering wheel from being pushed into the driver’s body. All Toyota vehicles also have an engine immobilizer system (EIS), which means that it is impossible to hotwire the vehicle or have it stolen. The vehicle will not start unless the correct key fob with the correct ID is inserted into the key-fob slot or sensed via the smart key system. There is also a center high-mount stop lamp (CHMSL) on Toyota vehicles, which makes it easier for drivers of larger and taller vehicles, like the Toyota Tundra or Sequoia, to see the brake lights and prevent a rear-end collision. Toyotas also include a temporary spare tire.
Dynamics performance of long combination vehicles with active control systems
Published in Vehicle System Dynamics, 2023
Wei Huang, Mehdi Ahmadian, Amir Rahimi, Luke Steiginga
Hill-start assist is an advanced system that prevents roll-back in vehicles when stopped on a hill, typically by applying the service brakes momentarily. Once the traction developed by the engine and the transmission is sufficient, the brakes will be released. HSA is an important feature especially in heavy vehicles that commonly have large inertia at rest. Based on the vehicle’s transmission (i.e. manual, automatic, or automatic manual), several hill-start assistance systems have been developed. While several studies have developed HSA for heavy trucks, there are very few studies focused on LCVs’ HSA development. The braking systems and their control, however, are common between conventional tractor-semitrailers and LCVs; therefore, the proposed HSA strategies can be extended to LCVs either directly [46] or after minor modifications [47,48]. In one study [49], a commercial vehicle equipped with manual transmission was considered to introduce a simple cost-effective HSA hardware layout with the aid of an electronic parking brake (EPB), an accelerometer, and a control strategy relying on detecting the transmitted torque from the engine to the wheels. The authors conclude that the vehicle’s startability performance improves significantly, especially in steep slopes. In another study [47], an HSA system was developed for a truck with manual transmission by formulating the desired pressure, using EPB pneumatic and generating the pulse width and frequency modulation (PWM-PFM) control to adjust the EPB’s pressure through a solenoid valve. The active logic threshold controller was evaluated by simulations and tests for three hill-start conditions ranging from 8% to 18% grades. The results showed a considerable improvement in startability performance when compared to conventional and bang-bang HSA control approaches.