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Quality
Published in Wallace Garneau, The Way Forward, 2021
No company should ever leave itself in a position where the definition of “quality” it uses differs from that of its customers. A company has to know with certainty how each of its customers will gauge “quality output” before ever quoting new business, and a company has to make sure that this information is communicated clearly throughout the engineering and production processes. Sometimes a better way to think of quality is with the phrase customer requirements. As noted earlier, if the customer wants a cup holder in her car, and a car model does not have one, then that is a defective car. Why? Because it does not meet its customer’s requirements. Please remember that adding cup holders is a job for design engineers, not assembly line workers.
Quality Engineering and Methods
Published in Jong S. Lim, Quality Management in Engineering, 2019
Figure 5.15 shows an application of QFD for a car cup holder design. The cup holder is becoming a critical part of car design because globally more number of customers demand it due to lifestyle changes. The left column shows the customers' viewpoints and the top row shows the engineering design parameters. The inside matrix shows the relevance by symbols between these two parameters; for instance, “double circle” means a strong relationship between customers' requirements and engineering parameters. The degree of relevance needs to be decided through logical analysis and discussion between team members.
A parametric 3D printed assistive device for people with cerebral palsy – assessment of outcomes and comparison with a commercial counterpart
Published in Assistive Technology, 2023
Rune Thorsen, Denise Cugnod, Marina Ramella, Rosa Converti, Maurizio Ferrarin
Two different AD solutions were available on the online platform: a cup holder and a spoon/fork holder (ConfAD). Being a pragmatic study, having to choose from the two solutions, the latter was chosen as most appropriate for the participants, though this solution is more typically used by people with spinal cord injury rather than people with CP (Bromley, 2006). Besides that, the cup holder was not appropriate for our participants and the design had technical issues. Normally, the participants’ needs would dictate which AD to propose and not vice versa. The results of IPPA and QUEST showed that the devices were not appropriate. It may be considered that, having lifelong chronic conditions, participants were accustomed to their situation and, on one hand, did not have a particular need for AD nor an initial request for being autonomous at eating. Eating style, methods, and habits were very individual. Both devices were using a concept imposing the palmar grip for holding cutlery that did not match the user's normal eating posture (e.g. the clenched grip). The problem of cutlery handling for people with CP may be more related to a combination of impaired coordination and control of proximal joints and not just the problem of holding the cutlery. Besides these conceptual issues, the ConfAD had issues with retaining the spoon; this would require modification of the design concept itself. Comfort problems could be solved by user-specific shaping of the handle.
Absorption of fuel containing esters on iron surface based on molecular simulation and its effects on lubricity
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2020
Deqing Mei, Shengchao Dai, Tiaotiao Chen, Hengquan Wang, Yinnan Yuan
According to the standard method ASTM D4172-94(2010), 12.7 mm diameter balls made from AISIE-52100 steel whose chemical composition is GCr15 with surface roughness less than 0.02 μm and Rockwell hardness of 58–66, were employed for the lubrication experiment. In each test, four new balls were first cleaned with acetone and then carefully dried. The cleaned balls, which were placed into the oil cup assembly, were installed as showed in Figure 3, where the top spinning ball was tightened into the spindle, while the three bottom balls were fixed in the raceway. The test lubricant was introduced into the oil cup assembly, which was installed into the oil cup holder in the four-ball friction tester. To avoid rapid shock, the test load was applied slowly from 0 at a speed of 10 N/min until 147 N. The lubricant was then heated to the desired temperature of 75ºC. When the set temperature was reached, the drive motor, which was set to drive the top ball at 1200 r/min to bring about friction with the bottom balls, was started. After the one-hour test period, the heater and drive motor were turned off and the oil cup assembly was removed from the machine. The test lubricant was then drained from the oil cup and the scar area of balls was wiped using a tissue (Yadav, Tiwari, and Jain 2018).
Digital Human Modeling: A Review and Reappraisal of Origins, Present, and Expected Future Methods for Representing Humans Computationally
Published in International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 2022
H. Onan Demirel, Salman Ahmed, Vincent G. Duffy
For example, Hanson, Högberg et al. (2009) discussed three case studies to demonstrate how car manufacturers apply DHM technology to optimize fit (Case 1), reach (Case 2), and vision (Case 3) around a seated driver. In Case 1, engineers used constraint-based modeling to define seat adjustment zones (i.e., horizontal seat extension length and height based on the comfort data). In Case 2, reach envelopes of the cup holder location were evaluated as part of the dashboard remodeling. Case 3 focused on the visibility of symbols of the cupholder. It was found that the symbols on the cup holder may be out of sight for some of the population percentiles. Thus, a redesign was proposed to provide broader population coverage.