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Running gear
Published in Andrew Livesey, Practical Motorsport Engineering, 2019
Brakes – vehicle brakes are now well developed and available in various set-ups for most vehicles; but the same problems still need setting up for competition vehicles. These are: Cooling – dissipating the heat energy from braking is something that needs careful consideration – the heavier the car the more the heat developed. Consider that if you have a car developing say 250 bhp, the heat from the radiator is probably enough to heat an average house. Braking that same car is going to develop the same heat as accelerating it. Where is the hot air going?Brake balance, or distribution – under heavy braking conditions you will have a lot of weight transfer from the rear to the front; this needs to be managed. On road vehicles the anti-lock braking system (ABS) and possibly the electronic stability programme (ESP) will deal with this. On an open-wheel car you are only likely to have two master cylinders and a balance bar – a lot of testing will be needed to get the right choice of brake pads and balance bar position.
Chassis
Published in Andrew Livesey, Advanced Motorsport Engineering, 2012
Brakes – vehicle brakes are now well developed and available in various set-ups for most vehicles; but the same problems still need setting up for competition vehicles, these are: Cooling – dissipating the heat energy from braking is something which needs careful consideration – the heavier the car the more the heat developed. Consider that if you have a car developing say 250 bhp the heat from the radiator is probably enough to heat an average house. Braking that same car is going to develop the same heat as accelerating it, where is the hot air going?Brake balance, or distribution – under heavy braking conditions you will have a lot of weight transfer from the rear to the front, this needs to be managed. On road vehicles the anti-lock braking system (ABS) and possibly the electronic stability programme (ESP) will deal with this. On an open wheel car you are only likely to have two master cylinders and a balance bar – a lot of testing will be needed to get the right choice of brake pads and balance bar position.Historic Racer NoteJaguar won their first Le Mans 24 hour race by having disc brakes which enabled them to lose less time when braking for corners, so they got quicker lap times than the other cars which had drum brakes.
Braking System
Published in Andrew Livesey, Basic Motorsport Engineering, 2012
Single-seater cars may use two master cylinders which are adjusted to give brake balance between front and rear to: lock the wheelsenable handbrake turnssuit the car and circuitsuit tall drivers
Optimal control of a NASCAR – specification race car
Published in Vehicle System Dynamics, 2023
D. J. N. Limebeer, M. Bastin, E. Warren, H. G. Fensham
The inequality constraints include the maximum engine power constraint The limited-slip differential constraint is while the brake balance constraint is the wheel torques are given by The wheel radii are given by and so on. The minima in (55) ensure that the brake balance constraint only applies to braking torques. Constraints that ensure that the car remains on the track are in which is the (position-dependent) track width. The first two constraints ensure that no wheel touches the right-hand track boundary, while the second two constraints ensure the same for the left-hand boundary.
Influence of road profiles and truck braking on the dynamic load transfer to the pavement
Published in International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 2022
Donia Savio, Akhil Challa, Shankar C Subramanian, J. Murali Krishnan
The magnitude of axle load distribution is an important factor that influences the dynamic load transfer to the pavement, especially during braking. For different vehicle configurations, the loading conditions can vary drastically. They can be broadly classified as ‘unladen (empty)’, ‘laden (fully loaded)’ and ‘overloaded’ vehicles. A study by Flick (1990) showed that empty trucks showed poor brake balance and were difficult to stop compared to fully loaded trucks. Higher intensity axle loads or overloaded axles are responsible for the accelerated pavement damage (Oh et al., 2007; Pais et al., 2013). For instance, a traffic stream consisting of 10% overloaded trucks can lead to greater damage to the pavement than the damage caused by the remaining 90% normally loaded trucks (Yassenn, 2011; Rys et al., 2016).
Coupled lateral-longitudinal vehicle dynamics and control design with three-dimensional state portraits
Published in Vehicle System Dynamics, 2019
Depending on the operating condition for which analysis is desired, the large space of possible control inputs and parameter values can be reduced by assumption. For example, when analysing a vehicle driven by a human driver, it is useful to assume that the driver controls only the steering wheel and the brake or accelerator pedals. Thus, the steering input can be reduced to steering on the front two wheels with either a common angle or angles mapped by Ackerman geometry with respect to the steering wheel angle. Likewise, the drive/brake torques are dictated by brake pedal pressure and brake balance in braking cases or accelerator position and drive train layout for accelerating cases and can be mapped to a common wheel control input. Thus, the previous input set can be reduced to a single δ and a single κ when representing a vehicle under human control.