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Wind Energy Resources
Published in Radian Belu, Fundamentals and Source Characteristics of Renewable Energy Systems, 2019
Wind resource assessment and analysis represent the methods and techniques of measuring and quantifying the quality of wind power potential at a particular location or site. This is a critical preliminary step in developing new wind power locations, and is necessary because wind resources can vary significantly even over relatively small geographic scales. Wind velocities have usually strong inter-annual and seasonal variabilities, meaning that wind resource assessments should ideally be conducted over a multiple year span to provide more realistic potential power production estimates. The available wind energy in an area varies appreciably, even inter-annually. The uncertainties in wind resource potential are significant and therefore thorough wind resource assessment and analysis are necessary for determining long-term wind conditions and regimes at the site of interest to the wind developers. Determining and predicting long-term wind conditions serves two important objectives: (i) analyzing the wind energy conversion site quality, and (ii) designing and setting optimum wind plant layout, including selecting appropriate wind turbine types for that site. A comprehensive wind resource assessment and analysis usually entails the following tasks: (1) identification of a suitable wind energy site using wind maps and power system maps; (2) characterization of the on-site wind resource by measuring the winds (and other meteorological parameters) for at least one year continuously at or the closest hub height, with temporary meteorological masts (possibly completed or supplemented with remote sensing instruments); (3) process and extrapolate the date using appropriate techniques at hub heights and for longer time periods, by correlating with the available long-term wind records from neighbor weather stations, observation sites or numerical model output; (4) setting of the turbine locations in the wind farm, relative to the wind resource estimation and site topography; (5) estimate of the potential wind energy production over a year and over the projected project lifetime, for the entire site; (6) perform the evaluation of the losses due to various causes (e.g., equipment scheduled and unscheduled maintenance, collection array losses, etc.); and (7) conduct the most accurate possible evaluation of the uncertainty associated with every step above. Physical uncertainties in wind energy may be broadly classified into long-term and short-term uncertainties. Long-term uncertainties are mainly introduced by: variation of wind conditions, wind turbine design, and other environmental, operational and financial factors. Short-term uncertainties are mainly introduced by boundary layer turbulence and other flow variations that occur over small time scales (order of minutes to hours). Accurate evaluations and reductions of the uncertainties are of particular importance to secure financing and ensuring the wind plant investor’s confidence. The uncertainties are driving the probability distribution of the expected wind energy production. These values depend on many factors, including the project size, the topography complexity and the availability of historical wind data.
Wind power resource assessment and wind-hydrogen generation potential: a case study
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2022
Rakesh Narayana Sarma, Vineeth Kumar, Suresh Lal S R, Minu Reghunath, Arya Jayan, Abhilash Suryan
Wind resource assessment accuracy has great significance when wind power generation is studied. Researchers have pointed out that an error of 1% in wind speed measurements may lead to almost 2% error in energy output. Wind resources lack consistency, varying with terrain, time of the day, height above ground, season, and from year to year, necessitating a detailed investigation (Himri et al. 2008). Researchers involved in wind farm development must be knowledgeable about the strength and power generation potential of wind in the potential site (Himri et al. 2008). Studies have pointed out that prior assessment of wind power potential may help the optimization of installation and maximization of power generation from wind farms (Chandel, Ramasamy, and Murthy 2014). Several researchers have described about wind potential assessment of different geographic regions. Such studies are essential for gaining global acceptance for wind power technology. Several studies pertaining to the various aspects of wind power generation for locations in regions like Germany (McKenna, Hollnaicher, and Fichtner 2014), western Himalayan region of India (Chandel, Ramasamy, and Murthy 2014), Netherlands (Schenk et al. 2007), Singapore (Karthikeya, Negi, and Srikanth 2016), Goa in India (Hampannavar et al. 2021), Algeria (Himri et al. 2008), Iberian peninsula (Carvalho et al. 2014), have been presented. The present study adopts features from the existing literature and presents a wind power potential analysis for a district in India.
Evaluation of wind resource potential using statistical analysis of probability density functions in New South Wales, Australia
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2020
Nour Khlaifat, Ali Altaee, John Zhou, Yuhan Huang
Australia has a wide and plentifully distributed wind resource, and some of its locations are considered to be the best in the world. Wind energy is considered to be a renewable energy resource for generating electricity and has attracted much awareness in Australia. Wind power generation has grown greatly in the past decade. On average, wind electricity generation rose by 17% per year during 2007–2017 (Department of the Environment and Energy, Australian Government 2018). The first step in wind resources, utilization is identifying candidate sites for assessment, which includes surveying a large land or a selected region for a particular wind power project. Thus, wind resource assessment is an essential step for predicting the annual energy production and defining the feasibility and profitability of a given wind power project at a specific site. For a wind power project to be successful, the assessment of accurate wind resource is crucial. The statistical analysis method for measured wind speeds is used to specify the wind frequency, using probability density function.
Inter Annual Variability of wind speed in India
Published in International Journal of Ambient Energy, 2022
J. Bastin, Rajesh Katyal, R. Vinod Kumar, P. Yuvasri Lakshmi
Wind Resource Assessment is the process of estimation of wind characteristics/conditions based on the available wind data, topographical and meteorological features of a given project site. Preconstruction energy estimate, the prediction of energy to be generated from the proposed wind farm – with uncertainty estimates is considered to be one of the crucial phases of wind resource assessment before commencement of construction activity. This is also critical from the point of economic feasibility of the project, as the financial institutions utilise its results to evaluate the cash flows of the project (Clifton, Smith, and Fields 2016). The process has uncertainties, mainly arising from measurements and models used in energy prediction.