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Aircraft
Published in Suzanne K. Kearns, Fundamentals of International Aviation, 2021
Although SST is not a significant part of today’s air transport sector, it is expected that future aircraft designs will reintegrate these aircraft within civil air transport. Some interesting projects in development include Aerion’s AS2 supersonic business jet, Imaginactive’s Singapore Special and Blue Edge, Boom Supersonic’s Overture, and Spike Aerospace’s S-512 [18].
An Immersed Boundary Method Based on Parallel Adaptive Cartesian Grids for High Reynolds Number Turbulent Flow
Published in International Journal of Computational Fluid Dynamics, 2022
Yuchen Yang, Xinyu Qi, Zhenming Wang, Jianming Liu, Ning Zhao
Meanwhile, adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) (Berger and Oliger 1984) is often integrated in the Cartesian grid system to deal with complex flow problems and reduce the total number of grids. AMR technique captures detailed features based on flow field characteristics at multiple spatial and temporal scales and is easy to implement in all kinds of grid systems. Capizzano (2011) took velocity divergence as AMR sensors to capture shock waves in turbulent flow simulation. Jalaal and Mehravaran (2012) coupled volume of fluid (VOF) with AMR to simulate the fragmentation of falling liquid droplets. Alauzet and Loseille (2016) applied anisotropic mesh adaptation technique to simulate a supersonic flow of a low-boom-shaped supersonic business jet geometry. Gou, Su, and Yuan (2018) developed an AMR-based LES method and achieved better-predicted results for flow over circular cylinder. However, distributions of the adaptive grids change constantly based on the flow field characteristic, which brings many difficulties to the large-scale parallelisation of three-dimensional flow simulations. Efficient management and collection for grids with different levels, load balancing and dynamic repartitioning are all of great concern. For these problems, open source third-party libraries supporting AMR technique with mature framework for grid management, such as block-based SAMRAI (Wissink et al. 2010) and cell-based p4est (Burstedde, Wilcox, and Ghattas 2011; Isaac et al. 2015) are developed and applied in different fields. Block-based SAMRAI (Wissink et al. 2010) is coupled in Helios (Sitaraman et al. 2017) CFD/CSD rotorcraft simulation code for off-body numerical simulation to capture near-blade flow physics. Cell-based p4est (Burstedde, Wilcox, and Ghattas 2011; Isaac et al. 2015) is interfaced to the generic adaptive finite element software deal. II (Bangerth, Hartmann, and Kanschat 2007) to obtain distributed mesh information.