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Published in Rob Whitehead, Structures by Design, 2019
The formula is elegantly inclusive of many complicated variants. Any changes in the magnitude or location of supports and/or loading are reflected in maximum moment value (M). Allowable bending stress values (fb) are an accurate reflection of how “strong” certain materials are under bending (allowing designers to compare the capacity of a material to resist bending under these conditions). The section modulus (S) is measurement of a beam’s relative effectiveness to resist bending that considers the overall depth and the distribution of material together (i.e., it isn’t just a measurement of depth, it measures how much area is distributed towards the outer edges). This follows intuitive reasoning: if a beam’s bending moment increases, it would either need to be made out of a different material with a higher resistance to bending or it would need to change its section (or both). (Figure 3.0.16)
Beams
Published in Ever J. Barbero, Introduction to Composite Materials Design, 2017
The section modulus Z allows the designer to size the cross section for bending. For shear, one must be able to calculate the shear stress in the web. Jourawski’s formula for isotropic materials [10, Sect. 3.11] provides the shear stress τ=QVIt $$ \begin{aligned} \tau =\frac{Q\ V}{I\ t} \end{aligned} $$
Mechanisms
Published in D.A. Bradley, N.C. Burd, D. Dawson, A.J. Loader, Mechatronics, 2018
D.A. Bradley, N.C. Burd, D. Dawson, A.J. Loader
Good design can allow products such as dot matrix printers and pen plotters to achieve rapid operation with remarkable accuracy by reducing the dynamic inertia to a minimum. The intelligent use of form rather than mass to achieve rigidity is a necessity in this instance. Thus the designer will look for opportunities to employ structural forms which create a high section modulus. This means taking mass out of the middle of structures and putting it only where it can be most effective in or close to the surface or skin. In such an approach it might be said that the main function of what remains in the middle of a structure is simply to keep the surfaces apart.
Assessment of structural adequacy of semi-rigid safety barriers
Published in International Journal of Crashworthiness, 2022
Hyo Il Ahn, Dong Seong Kim, Byung Kab Moon, Kee Dong Kim
The yield moment () and plastic moment () of the post as well as the sum of the plastic moments () of the post and the reinforcing post, are determined using Equation (12). In Equation (12), and are the elastic section modulus, yield strength and plastic section modulus of the post, respectively. In addition, and are the plastic section modulus and yield strength of the reinforcing post, respectively.
FE modelling progressive collapse assessment of steel moment frames-parametric study
Published in Australian Journal of Structural Engineering, 2022
Mohamed Amine Abid, Abdelouafi El Ghoulbzouri, Lmokhtar Ikharrazne
When large sizes of beams are used for the structure’s design, the DCR values were found less compared to small sizes. The maximum DCR value of 3.5 was calculated in beam 29 for the structure (case (7)) missing its corner column (CCR) and designed using IPE160 as beams along the axis x. This maximum DCR value decreased by 57% when the beams were adopted as IPE200 for the structure’s design (case (9)). Under the second column loss (SCR), the maximum DCR value of 3 was calculated in beam number 36 of the 7-story structure (case (7)). It was seen that this maximum DCR value of beam 36 decreased to attain 2.25 and 1.6 when the IPE180 and IPE200 were used for the design of the structure (case (8)) and (case (9)), respectively. The expected moment capacity or the full capacity of a cross-section is strongly related to its plastic section modulus, second moment of area, etc. Large beams’ cross-sections reflect higher plastic section modulus, the second moment of area, etc. Therefore, adopting a large beam’s cross-section within the structural design implies the increase of its resistance capacity against progressive collapse.
Design and Analysis of an Advanced Three-Point Bend Test Approach for Miniature Irradiated Disk Specimens
Published in Fusion Science and Technology, 2021
Nathan Clark Reid, Lauren Garrison, Maxim Gussev, Jean Paul Allain
where =bending moment (N·mm) =section modulus, which is related to the second moment of area (mm3) =load (N) =distance from the support (mm) =thickness of the cross section (mm) =width of the cross section (mm)