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Comparing perceptual judgment and subjective measures of spatial awareness
Published in Eduardo Salas, Aaron S Dietz, Situational Awareness, 2017
Matthew L Bolton, Ellen J Bass
Synthetic Vision Systems (SVS) were used in this study because subjective measures have frequently been used to evaluate SVS designs with respect to both spatial awareness and general situation awareness. Controlled Flight Into Terrain (CFIT), where a fully functional aircraft is inadvertently flown into the ground, water, or other terrain obstacle, has been the cause of more than 22% of all fatal accidents in worldwide commercial aviation since 1987 (Boeing, 2007). Such accidents are often characterized by a loss of situation awareness in low-level flight and low visibility conditions (Khatwa and Roelen, 1998). SVS are technologies that address this problem by using onboard terrain databases and Global Positioning System (GPS) data to create a computerized picture of the world in front of the aircraft, regardless of the actual visibility conditions.
Human Computer Interaction on the Modern Flight Deck
Published in International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 2021
Meredith Carroll, Nicklas Dahlstrom
The next two articles present evaluations of emerging interface technology concepts in their ability to convey critical information to assist pilots in challenging situations such as loss of control (LOC) and upset recovery situations, which are a focus in the aviation industry. In the fifth article, Ellis, et al. present a study examining the effectiveness of a synthetic vision system, which provides a computer-generated image of the external scene topography as the background to the primary flight display, at improving flight crew awareness of airplane attitude and promoting effective upset recovery. The study compared pilot performance, workload, situation awareness and display reactions while responding to unusual attitude recovery events in a Boeing 787 full motion simulation. The results indicated that compared to traditional displays, the synthetic vision display led to significant benefits to the flight crew, including reductions in workload and increased situation awareness. In the sixth article, Van Baelen et al. present and evaluate three haptic feedback designs to support pilots in understanding where the aircraft is with respect to flight envelope protection limits. The evaluations resulted in preliminary findings that force feedback cues appear to be the most effective way to communicate this information to the pilots and can lead to increased safety margins. Technology such as this may prove important given recent fatal accidents involving pilot mode confusion associated with flight envelope protection, e.g., Air France Flight 447 (Bureau d’Enquêtes et d’Analyses pour la sécurité de l’aviation civile (BEA) – Civil Aviation Accident Investigation Bureau of France, 2012), Air Asia Flight 8501 (KNKT (Komite Nasional Keselamatan Trasportasi) – National Transportation Safety Committee of Indonesia, 2014), Lion Air Flight 610 (KNKT (Komite Nasional Keselamatan Trasportasi) – National Transportation Safety Committee of Indonesia, 2019) and Ethiopian Airlines Flight 302 (Accident Investigation Bureau (AAIB) of Ethiopia, 2020).