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Aircraft performance
Published in Paul Clark, Buying the Big Jets, 2017
Airfield take-off study assumptions should always specify the temperature at which the calculation should be made. As the characteristics of the atmosphere vary around the world, we must work with an average set of conditions that we call the International Standard Atmosphere, or ISA. This international reference is based on a sea level temperature of 15 degrees Celsius at a pressure of 1013.25 hectoPascals, or milllibars. This equates to 29.92 inches of mercury, which will be familiar to you if you have a barometer. The outside air temperature (OAT) is the actual ambient air temperature, which is frequently quoted in relation to ISA. Thus, when the outside air temperature is 35 degrees at sea level, we refer to this as ISA + 20. We simply adjust ISA according to the actual temperature: 35 = 15 + 20.
Evaluating the sustainable features of vernacular architecture in hot-arid regions: field surveys and analysis in two vernacular houses in Al Batinah region (Oman)
Published in Architectural Engineering and Design Management, 2023
Aliya Al-Hashim, Naima Benkari, Saleh Al-Saadi
The model of Al-Khandaq house was generated in DesignBuilder software using the information collected during the site visits conducted on August 9th. The wall temperatures were recorded at 10:00, 13:00, and 15:00 h, in several spaces. The device used for this task can measure the temperatures with ±2°C accuracy. The outside air temperature from Rustaq weather station was collected from the Civil Aviation Authority for the whole month of August. It was then used in the weather file for validation purpose (Figure 6(a)). A DesignBuilder model was then simulated for the month of August and the results were extracted for August 9th. Figure 6(b–d) show the comparison between the measured and simulation values of surface temperatures for the walls of several spaces at 10:00, 13:00, and 15:00 h, respectively. The percentage error between the measured and simulated values are calculated using the following equation and shown on top of the bar: A negative value means that the simulation result is higher than the measurement value. As shown in Figure 6, the percentage errors range between 0.7% and 11.8%, with majority of points less than 5%. Overall, the simulation results are in good agreement with the measured values and within the accuracy range.