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First Law of Thermodynamics
Published in Irving Granet, Jorge Luis Alvarado, Maurice Bluestein, Thermodynamics and Heat Power, 2020
Irving Granet, Jorge Luis Alvarado, Maurice Bluestein
A nozzle is a static device that is used to convert the energy of a fluid into kinetic energy. Basically, the fluid enters the nozzle at a high pressure and leaves at a lower pressure. In the process of expanding, velocity is gained as the fluid progresses through the nozzle. No work is done on or by the fluid in its passage through the nozzle.
Compressible Air Flow
Published in Rose G. Davies, Aerodynamics Principles for Air Transport Pilots, 2020
Combining the convergent nozzle in Figure 7.4 (a) and the divergent nozzle in Figure 7.4 (c) forms a convergent-divergent nozzle shown in Figure 7.5. This nozzle can increase an airspeed from subsonic to supersonic.
Compressible Flow in Nozzles
Published in V. Babu, Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics, 2019
Convergent divergent nozzles are used in supersonic wind tunnels, turbomachinery and in propulsion applications such as aircraft engines and rockets. In propulsion applications, convergent nozzles can be used without severe penalty on the thrust up to P0/Pambient < 3. Beyond this value, convergent divergent nozzles have to be used to utilize the momentum thrust fully.
Multi-objective optimization of the geometric parameters of a pressure-swirl nozzle
Published in Journal of the Chinese Institute of Engineers, 2022
Xin Sheng, Yunxia You, Yang Wu, Li Hou, Qi Zhang
The pressure-swirl nozzle is an important component of many aviation engines and gas turbines. The nozzle’s atomization performance, including atomization particle size, spray cone angle, droplet size, and mass flow rate, are critical indicators of the nozzle’s performance. These variables demonstrate a big impact on the engine’s combustion properties, such as combustion stability, ignition reliability, and pollutant emissions (Marchione et al. 2012; Gan 2006; S and S 1980). The geometric parameters of the nozzle demonstrate a direct impact on its atomization performance, according to several experimental and theoretical studies (Jeng, Jog, and Benjamin 1998; Babu, Narasimhan, and Narayanaswamy 1990). As a result, choosing an appropriate nozzle structure helps increase the engine’s combustion performance.
CFD simulation analysis of two-dimensional convergent-divergent nozzle
Published in International Journal of Ambient Energy, 2020
R. Ramesh Kumar, Yuvarajan Devarajan
Kinetic energy is created in the combustion chamber by chemical-thermal energy generation using in the conversion of the nozzle. The nozzle converts the high-temperature gas to lower temperature gas, higher pressure gas to lower pressure gas and lower velocity of higher velocity gases (Koo and Chang 2017; Sushma et al. 2017). The French engineer who is trying to develop the more efficiency of the steam engine and turbine jet blades were designed successfully. The turbine jet is generating the warm power from the hot steam boiler. The nozzle project report results are shown to control the sound of speed and good efficiency. When the jet engine speed is increasing, it is affecting the sound levels (Lee et al. 2017; Son, Lee, and Chang 2017). This effect causes to heat energy dissipation. A nozzle is transforming the energy from pressure into kinetic depends on nozzle shapes. A C-D nozzle which is used to achieve supersonic flow speeds.
Design and analysis of Coanda effect nozzle with two independent streams
Published in International Journal of Ambient Energy, 2020
In general, the nozzle is the one which is responsible for directing the flow outside the engine to the atmosphere. There are various types of nozzle, namely convergent nozzle, divergent nozzle and convergent–divergent nozzle (C–D). In all these cases, there will be mechanical parts, a single inlet and an outlet. But in case of HOMER nozzle, there will be no mechanical parts and it will have two inlets and one outlet. The two inlets will have different velocities which help them in attaining deflection without the help of any mechanical parts. When the velocity of the flow in Inlet 1 is greater than the velocity of flow in Inlet 2, then the flow will merge and follow the surface of upper curvature, that is, the flow will be deflected upwards (Trancossi and Dumas 2011). Similarly, when the velocity of Inlet 2 is greater than the velocity of flow in Inlet 1, then the flow will follow the bottom curvature, that is, the flow will be deflected downwards.