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Thinking about Failure
Published in Norman MacLeod, Crew Resource Management Training, 2021
Ice removal by boot activation can be improved by accelerating the aircraft. However, ice increases drag, which can sometimes result in the aircraft having insufficient surplus power to allow it to accelerate in level flight. Similarly, a good rule for pilots once they encounter ice is to change altitude in order to get out of icing conditions. This can sometimes require climbing but ice adds to the weight of the aircraft and, again, performance limitations prevent the pilot from taking the best course of action. Some of the comments made by Caravan pilots in Chapter 1 alluded to these problems.
FOD Prevention and Elimination (FOE) in Manufacturing Processes
Published in Ahmed F. El-Sayed, Foreign Object Debris and Damage in Aviation, 2022
An overview of ice and rain protection systems installed in a large transport aircraft category is illustrated in Figure 7.2. Ice can be detected visually, but most modern aircraft have one or more ice detector sensors and automatic control by onboard computers that warn the flight crew of icing conditions.
Air transportation as a central component of remote community resilience in northern Ontario, Canada
Published in Sustainable and Resilient Infrastructure, 2022
Pia I. Dimayuga, Tracey Galloway, Michael J. Widener, Shoshanna Saxe
Weather plays a critical role more broadly in air operations. A number of interviewees shared that the transitional seasons, during which dangerous icing conditions are likely to occur, seem to be lengthening, with very few periods of extremely cold winter (a report on the effects of climate change on aviation supports this (International Civil Aviation Organization, 2018)). While the very cold temperatures make loading and unloading planes more difficult, they also result in ideal flying conditions with low amounts of moisture in the air. These interviewees connected this change in the seasons to climate change, to which they also attributed an increase in thunderstorms in the summer months. With limited local weather reporting, identifying or predicting where thunderstorms will occur, is more difficult for a pilot to do.
Progressing Toward Airliners’ Reduced-Crew Operations: A Systematic Literature Review
Published in The International Journal of Aerospace Psychology, 2020
Daniela Schmid, Neville A. Stanton
Last but certainly not least, as technological developments for different aircraft systems continue to evolve several useful applications could be developed to assist the pilot’s functions in different monitoring areas, such as reducing workload in RCO. This does not account solely for the assessment of pilot health but also for aircraft systems monitoring and mission management tools. For example, an aero-conformal ice detection system could serve as the base for an automated anti-ice system representing a primary reliable ice detector for safe flight in icing conditions in accordance with new FAA and EASA regulations (Richards, 2012). Other advances in technology include automated and integrated checklist systems (Airbus, 2011b), intelligent voice recognition systems and improvements of the communication system (Arthur, Shelton, Prinzel, & Bailey, 2016; Schutte et al., 2007). None of these systems has been investigated in the context of RCO.
A comparative study of property-constant and property-variable icing models
Published in International Journal of Green Energy, 2023
Xuan Zhang, Xin Liu, Jingchun Min, Mengjie Song, Keke Shao, Bing Huang
Researchers (Kreder et al. 2016, Meuler, McKinley, and Cohen 2010; Ozbay and Erbil 2016; Schutzius et al. 2015) reported that surface wettability might affect the trigger point of the ice accretion process, especially the microscopic nucleation stage, but it has little influence on the macroscopic ice accretion process, which is the focus of this study. Hence, the surface effect is omitted in our model. Experiments in literature (Rios 1991) show that under natural icing conditions, the initial rime ice density at cold cylindrical surfaces is related to the airflow parameters and could be calculated by an empirical correlation, i.e.,