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Weather radar
Published in Mike Tooley, David Wyatt, Aircraft Communications and Navigation Systems, 2017
Avidyne’s MLX770 is a datalink graphical weather system for General Aviation operations outside the Continental United States (CONUS). Utilising the Iridium satellite communication constellation, the two -way datalink transmission technology includes high-resolution radar imagery, Meteorological Aerodrome Reports (METAR), and Terminal Aerodrome Forecasts (TAF). These are displayed in full colour on a suitable multi-function display (MFD). An aerodrome TAF is a forecast, that gives the predicted weather conditions expected at an aerodrome, usually for a 9 or 24 hour period. A METAR is a report giving the actual weather conditions at an aerodrome at the time of the report. METARs are typically issued every 3060 minutes. The MLX770 delivers satellite infrared (SAT IR) imagery for selected geographic regions; this imagery shows the emission from the infrared portion of the solar spectrum. Bright areas represent cold high cloud tops; dark areas represent warm ground and ocean surfaces.
The mechanistic-empirical pavement design: An Egyptian perspective
Published in Sandra Erkens, Xueyan Liu, Kumar Anupam, Yiqiu Tan, Functional Pavement Design, 2016
Ashraf Ayman Aguib, Safwan Khedr
Weather data available on www.wunderground.com are reported in Aviation Routine Weather Report (METAR) format. METAR code is regulated by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) in consort with the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). It is predominantly used by pilots in fulfillment of a part of a pre-flight weather briefing, and by meteorologists, who use aggregated METAR information to assist in weather forecasting. METAR contains a report of wind, visibility, runway visual range, present weather, sky condition, temperature, dew point, and altimeter setting (OFCM 2005).
Geographic context-aware text mining: enhance social media message classification for situational awareness by integrating spatial and temporal features
Published in International Journal of Digital Earth, 2021
Christopher Scheele, Manzhu Yu, Qunying Huang
Each dataset presented its own challenges for standardization. For example, the radar data exists natively in a binary format. The Weather and Climate Toolkit (Ansari, Del Greco, and Hankins 2010), developed by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), read and exported the data as GeoTIFFs. Additionally, the radar and NAM model data were originally stored as single band GeoTIFFs for each product. GDAL (GDAL 2021) was used to merge the data into multiband GeoTIFFs based on the timestamp. A final challenge involved reading the weather observation data. Each observation comes in a coded text string called a Meteorological Terminal Aviation Routine Weather Report (METAR). Using the Python package METAR (Pollard 2021), each observation was decoded.