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Integrated Satellite Communications: Remote Sensing in Natural Hazards
Published in Zoran S. Bojkovic, Dragorad A. Milovanovic, Tulsi Pawan Fowdur, 5G Multimedia Communication, 2020
Satellite communication complements data products with certain capacity, from acquiring to broadcast, in order to disseminate the information’s using fixed and wireless communication expansions. This expresses the integration of satellites using different techniques, platform, algorithms and methods for the next-generation trends in data development for global research and their manifestations. In present practices, the acquisition of information and the expression of remote sensing are usually referred to make use of satellite sensor technologies to discover and sort out the information on the earth surface, based on disseminating signals, and share the data products in real and near-real-time systems. In this watch, National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (NASA’s) Earth System Science conducts and sponsors research, collects new observations, develops technologies and extends the technology education to learners of all ages, as a key contributor in the field of earth and space sciences. The NASA’s Earth Science Division is an integrated, multisatellite, long-term program design for global observations and monitoring of the global land surface, biosphere, atmosphere, glaciers and oceans. Since the late 1980s, NASA’s Earth Observing System (EOS) Program is designed to develop a scientific understanding of Earth’s system in response to climatological and hydrological changes and to improve prediction of climate, weather and natural hazards. This coordinated approach enables an improved understanding of the Earth as an integrated system.
Global Satellite Observations for Smart Cities
Published in Amir H. Alavi, William G. Buttlar, Data Analytics for Smart Cities, 2018
Zhong Liu, Menglin S. Jin, Jacqueline Liu, Angela Li, William Teng, Bruce Vollmer, David Meyer
Significant progress has been made in satellite Earth’s observations since the first successful launch of weather satellite, the Television Infrared Observation Satellite (TIROS), by NASA on April 1, 1960. In particular, NASA’s Earth Observing System (EOS) is a coordinated series of polar-orbiting and low inclination satellites for long-term global observations of the land surface, biosphere, solid Earth, atmosphere, and oceans to enable an improved understanding of the Earth as an integrated system (NASA 2017a). At present, there are ~28 active satellite missions currently in space to provide observations to scientific and application users around the world (NASA 2017a). The Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS) currently hosts ~22 PB of Earth Observation (EO) data at 12 DAACs (Distributed Active Archive Centers) and it is expected to grow rapidly over the coming years, to more than 37 (246 PB) PB by 2020 (2025) (NASA 2017b). Such large EO data archive is an important asset for environmental research and applications around the world including smart cities because the smart city approach requires multi-disciplinary datasets collected from multiple sources.
Remote optical sensing by laser
Published in John P. Dakin, Robert G. W. Brown, Handbook of Optoelectronics, 2017
As noted in Table 12.13, DIAL lidar is an obvious candidate for measurements into the atmosphere from space (see, e.g., Reference [188]). The problems, however, are formidable: two or more laser wavelengths for each chemical species under study (ozone, water vapour, greenhouse gases, etc.), compensations for the Doppler shifts in the beams due to the large spacecraft velocity (typically 15° off nadir ≡ 0.3 cm−1 shift), with the beams transmitted simultaneously and co-axially to ensure return signals from the same elastic scatterers. Much study has been put into such active remote sensing from space and DIAL lidars will almost certainly be flown in the coming years. However, passive techniques over a wide range of wavelengths are providing much information. For example, in the NASA Earth Observing System (EOS), the Aura mission to study chemistry and dynamics of the troposphere and stratosphere, the instruments include sounders for measurement of thermal emission from the atmospheric limbs (microwave and high resolution) as well as nadir viewing imaging spectrographs for ozone and trace gases.
Current status and future directions of geoportals
Published in International Journal of Digital Earth, 2020
Hao Jiang, John van Genderen, Paolo Mazzetti, Hyeongmo Koo, Min Chen
The Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS), designed as a distributed system for NASA's Earth Science Data Systems Program, provides key capabilities for managing NASA's Earth science data from various sources (e.g. satellites, aircraft, field measurements, and various other programs), and for interdisciplinary studies (NASA 2017). It leverages the web application Earth Search24 to provide relevant information available. Twelve EOSDIS Distributed Active Archive Centres (DAACs), located throughout the U.S., are key contributors to Earth data, offering the latest information on the atmosphere, solar radiance, cryosphere, human dimensions, land, and oceans. Earthdata Worldview uses the EOSDIS's Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS) to rapidly retrieve and display near real-time global satellite imagery, imagery for an interactive browsing experience.
Satellite and instrument entity recognition using a pre-trained language model with distant supervision
Published in International Journal of Digital Earth, 2022
Ming Lin, Meng Jin, Yufu Liu, Yuqi Bai
NASA's Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS) is used to archive and distribute Earth science data from multiple missions to users, and the Common Metadata Repository (CMR) catalogs all its data and service metadata records. We obtained 33,000 EOSDIS metadata records using the CMR search API and used the content of their abstract field as part of the raw training data.