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The features of calculations of hydrotransport plants of geotechnological systems
Published in Genadiy Pivnyak, Volodymyr Bondarenko, Iryna Kovalevska, Theoretical and Practical Solutions of Mineral Resources Mining, 2015
E. Semenenko, N. Nykyforova, L. Tatarko
Drag reduction at the expense of doping of drag reducing agents to water flow in pipelines is used in refrigeration plants, in fire-control units. The projects of use of drag reducing agents in large water supply systems were considered in the USSR (Stupin 2000). Doping of drag reducing agents to pressure flow results in changing of wall turbulence and this ensures friction reduction. Furthermore drag reducing agents are widely used as flocculants during water purification (Stupin 2000). The perspective of using of drag reducing agents for pressure flows of slurries consists both in drag reduction and in pulp thickening during its transporting. But this requires the substantiation of hydrotransport parameters and selection of drag reducing agent type depending on properties of transporting material and of carrying agent.
Internal Corrosion Protection
Published in Mavis Sika Okyere, Corrosion Protection for the Oil and Gas Industry, 2019
Drag is a term that refers to the frictional pressure loss per length of pipe that develops when a fluid flows in a pipeline. Drag increases with increasing flow velocity. Drag reduction is the proportional decrease in this frictional pressure drop achieved with the addition of very small amounts of a specialty chemical that acts as a drag-reducing agent, also called a drag-reducing additive or a flow improver (Dean, 1984).
Corrosion
Published in Mavis Sika Okyere, Mitigation of Gas Pipeline Integrity Problems, 2020
“Drag” is a term that refers to the frictional pressure loss per length of the pipe that develops when a fluid flows in a pipeline. Drag increases with the increasing flow velocity. Drag reduction is the proportional decrease in this frictional pressure drop achieved with the addition of very small amounts of a specialty chemical that acts as a drag-reducing agent, also called a drag-reducing additive or a flow improver (Dean 1984).
Experimental study and implementation of supervised machine learning algorithm to predict the flowability of two-phase water-oil in pipeline
Published in Petroleum Science and Technology, 2023
Zainab Y. Shnain, Riyadh S. Almukhtar, Marwah Sabah Mahdi, Asawer A. Alwaiti, Zaidoon Mohsin Shakor
It is possible to reduce the viscosity of heavy crude oil by adding a flowing improver, which is convenient and inexpensive (Souas, Safri, and Benmounah 2021). For more than just crude oil extraction, it plays a crucial role in ensuring the flow of heavy oil (Al-Hashmi et al. 2017; Li et al. 2021). Additive polymers used to reduce the viscosity of heavy oil are difficult to dissolve during refinement, therefore tiny compounds obtained from wastes and natural resources are appropriate for improving heavy oil flowability (Malkin et al. 2018). The flow of liquids has been improved by using nanomaterials as a drag-reducing agent. Its high porosity and vast surface area make it an excellent choice. The use of locally prepared nanosilica for reducing viscosity and improving the flowability of crude oil has been reported by Ibrahim, Oudah, and Hassan (2017). With a nanosilica concentration of 100 mg/L, the lowest viscosity was achieved at 12.8cSt and the power consumption was reduced by 60.6 percent. The drop in viscosity was observed to continue for 11 h. Experimental and data-driven approaches have been used in order to analyze the fluid flow characteristics of nanosilica improved two-phase (oil-water) flow in the pipeline. As reported by Shnain et al. (2022), nanosilica significantly improved the flow characteristic of two-phase water-crude oil in pipeline.
Experimental investigation on effects of solid concentration, chemical additives, and shear rate on the rheological properties of bottom ash (BA) slurry
Published in International Journal of Coal Preparation and Utilization, 2022
Kanwar Pal Singh, Arvind Kumar, Deo Raj Kaushal
In the current paper, the rheological behavior of BA slurry is experimentally investigated at various solid mass concentrations with various ranges of particle size at various range of input shear rate and with addition of chemicals additives. In present work chemical additives Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide (CTAB) with Sodium Salicylate (NaSal) are used in a mixing proportion of 1:1. CTAB is a surfactant and works as dispersing agent and also known as drag reducing agent. NaSaL is generally used as counter-ions for the cationic surfactant and deforms micellar shape by reducing the ion diameter of surfactant. The shear rate is kept between 30 s−1 and 570 s−1. The effect of particle size is also investigated by categorizing BA particles in various ranges. Suitable and appropriate conclusion is suggested on the basis of rheological data and result outcomes for the effective and economical transportation of BA slurry in long distance pipelines.
Preparation of drag reducing agent and properties of composite osmotic acid based on volume fracturing
Published in Petroleum Science and Technology, 2021
Chengyu Zhou, Qiang Huang, Ying Xiao, Mingyao Lei, Wei Wan, Yufeng Luo, Peng Zhang
AM (9.064 g), DMC (8.947 g) and DAM (2.107 g) were firstly added into a beaker, then add 100 mL of deionized water, and stir. Until the reagent was completely dissolved, the chelating agent EDTA (0.07 Wt.%) was added to produce the aqueous phase. Using the reverse emulsion polymerization method, 80 mL of liquid paraffin was taken as a continuous phase and placed in a 250 mL three-port flask. The emulsifier Span 80 (4 Wt.%) was stirred for about 5 min to generate the oil phase. Transferred the aqueous phase to the oil phase (oil to water ratio of 1.5:1) in a constant temperature water bath at 45 °C with a continuous flow of nitrogen gas for about 30 min. Urea (0.1 Wt.%) and aqueous initiator solution (ammonium persulfate, 0.5 Wt.%) were added in drop by drop, and stirred for a certain time to form a water-in-oil (W/O) type white emulsion. The obtained white emulsion was naturally cooled to room temperature and washed with acetone and ether. After standing, the liquid was divided and then heated using a heating jacket to produce a white polymer colloid. This copolymer was called drag reducing agent P(AM-DMC-DMAM). Figure 2 showed the experimental process. Scheme 1 showed the structural formula of the method for synthesizing P(AM-DMC-DMAM). Then the product was dried in a constant temperature oven at 65 °C for more than 12 h. The resulting polymer product was crushed, weighed, and calculate its conversion rate.