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Published in Pamela S. Tsang, Michael A. Vidulich, Principles and Practice of Aviation Psychology, 2002
Altimeters. Round gauge altimeters either sense altitude by changes in barometric pressure or changes in radar signals. A barometric altimeter specifies elevation above sea level by measuring changes in air pressure. Except when flying over the sea, however, it provides no direct information about ground clearance (altitude AGL), because the elevation of the terrain under the plane is not specified. Further, a barometic altimeter is relatively slow to respond to changes in altitude, usually lagging several seconds behind the velocity vector. Consequently, barometric altimeters are of restricted use in low-altitude maneuvering—they do not provide information about altitude AGL. However, they become critical in those conditions that compromise the radar altimeter (as explained later).
Air Traffic Control System
Published in Milica Kalić, Slavica Dožić, Danica Babić, Introduction to the Air Transport System, 2022
Milica Kalić, Slavica Dožić, Danica Babić
An altimeter is an instrument used to measure the altitude of an object above a fixed level. It measures ambient air pressure, which decreases with increasing altitude (approximately 100 hPa at 800 m, i.e., 1 mmHg of column at 1,000 ft above sea level). The altimeter then calculates and displays the corresponding altitude. It is essentially a calibrated barometer that displays an altitude—a barometric altimeter.
Use of wearable sensors for measurement of spatiotemporal variables during marathon race
Published in Footwear Science, 2019
Aliaksandr Leuchanka, Zachary Switaj, Tim Clark
Fifty subjects participated in this study and were recruited through an open forum after providing proof of acceptance to the 2019 TCS New York City Marathon. Each subject was provided an electronic consent form and was provided with two RunScribeTM IMUs (Scribe Labs Inc., San Diego, CA, USA) to place on the dorsum of each foot via a lace mounted cradle. The RunScribeTM IMU contains a tri-axial accelerometer, magnetometer and gyroscope, along with a barometric altimeter. The sample rate was 500 Hz. Each subject was provided a guide for the use of the mobile application and appropriate mounting and calibration procedures for the RunScribesTM. Due to poor mounting and calibration, data from 36 subjects were excluded from the analysis. Data was continuously recorded during the entire 42.2 km but for clarity purposes, metrics from the 5th, 23rd, and 37th km will be presented, representing the flattest sections spread along the course. Statistical comparisons were made using repeated measures ANOVA (alpha = 0.05).
Exploring kinematic asymmetry by means of wearable sensors during marathon race
Published in Footwear Science, 2019
Aliaksandr Leuchanka, Zachary Switaj, Tim Clark
Fifty subjects participated in this study and were recruited through an open forum after providing proof of acceptance to the 2019 TCS New York City Marathon. Each subject was provided an electronic consent form and was provided with two RunScribeTM IMUs (Scribe Labs Inc., Moss Beach, CA, USA) to place on the dorsum of each foot via a lace mounted cradle. The RunScribeTM IMU contains a tri-axial accelerometer, a magnetometer, and a gyroscope, along with a barometric altimeter. The sample rate is 500 Hz. Each subject was provided a guide for the use of the mobile application and appropriate mounting and calibration procedures for the RunScribesTM. Due to poor mounting and calibration, data from 36 subjects were excluded from the analysis. Footstrike index is a novel method developed by Scribe Labs Inc. to determine footstrike pattern. The index is a range of values from 1 to 16 at which 1 is a rearfoot most strike and 16 is a forefoot most strike. For clarity purposes, metrics from the 5th, 23rd and 37th km will be presented, representing the flattest sections spread along the course. Statistical comparisons were made using repeated measures ANOVA (alpha = 0.05).
Development and analysis of eco-driving metrics for naturalistic instrumented vehicles
Published in Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems, 2021
Shams Tanvir, R.T. Chase, N. M. Roupahil
Naturalistic driving data for this study are collected using an on-board logging system called “i2D.” The system consists of an on-board unit (OBU), a mobile communications network (via M2M protocols), and a secure cloud database. The OBU connects to the vehicle’s OBD-II interface, and includes a GPS sensor along with a 3D accelerometer and a barometric altimeter (Kim et al., 2016). Multiple engine and vehicle dynamics measures are acquired from the OBU at high resolution (1 Hz) and transmitted to the cloud database using mobile communications every 23 seconds. An illustration of the device is shown in Figure 1.