The Molecular Genetics and Pathology of Renal Cell Carcinoma
Anthony R. Mundy, John M. Fitzpatrick, David E. Neal, Nicholas J. R. George in The Scientific Basis of Urology, 2010
Collecting duct carcinoma (CDC) is a rare tumor and accounts for less than 1% of renal malignancies in surgical series. There is a slight male predominance and average age at presentation is 55 years. These tumors arise from the collecting ducts, especially the papillary ducts (Bellini ducts) hence they are also called Bellini duct carcinomas. They are centrally located in the kidney, averaging 5 cm though range in size from 2.5 to 12 cm, and the cut surface appears solid with a gray-white color. Patients may present with hematuria, flank pain and mass. Urine cytology may be positive (39) and imaging studies may suggest urothelial malignancy.
Comparison Between Urologists and Artificial Neural Networks in Bladder Cancer Outcome Prediction §
Raouf N.G. Naguib, Gajanan V. Sherbet in Artificial Neural Networks in Cancer Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Patient Management, 2001
Urine cytology is a well-documented, noninvasive method for diagnosing patients with urothelial malignancy. Exfoliated cells from both normal and neoplastic urothelium can be readily identified in voided urine. Examination of cytological specimens allows for tumour detection at the time of initial presentation or during surveillance. However, the detection rates vary depending on the adequacy of the specimen, the grade and volume of the tumour and the experience of the cytologist. Presently, methods are being developed to increase the diagnostic accuracy of voided urine testing.
EMQ Answers
Justin C. Konje in Complete Revision Guide for MRCOG Part 2, 2019
K Urine cytologyIn those with a suspicion of malignancy, urine cytology should be tested. Cystoscopy and referral to urology should be initiated in accordance with local protocols. Haematuria is a red flag and one that should be investigated. (Management of Painful Bladder Syndrome. The Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists Green-top Guideline No. 70, December 2016)
BK virus in kidney transplant recipients with graft dysfunction
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2023
Doaa Mohamed Riad, Wafaa Kamel Mowafy, Hazem Hamed Saleh, Essam Mahmoud El Sawy, Noha Tharwat Abou El-Khier
Urine cytology: Cytology smears from urine samples of case group were performed. Standard smears were prepared from fresh voided morning urine samples, fixed in alcohol, and stained with Papanicolaou stain. When positive for Decoy cells, the number of cells was counted (Figure 1).Renal graft biopsies: Renal graft biopsies were performed for all patients in the case group.Immunostaining with SV40 m-Ab: SV40 m-Ab from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (USA) was used.
Rapid and quantitative detection of urinary Cyfra21-1 using fluorescent nanosphere-based immunochromatographic test strip for diagnosis and prognostic monitoring of bladder cancer
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2019
Qifang Lei, Linlin Zhao, Shuixian Ye, Yue Sun, Fangjie Xie, Hong Zhang, Fangjian Zhou, Song Wu
Bladder cancer (BC) is one of the most common cancers with an estimated 165,000 deaths per year in the world [1]. Although the diagnosis and treatment techniques of bladder cancer have improved greatly in recent years, the probabilities of recurrence and progression is still high after local treatment, the 5-year survival rate and recurrence rate of high-grade BC can be approximately 5 and 80%, respectively [2–4], and the 5-year progression rate is about 45% [5]. Therefore, regular re-examination is required after surgery. Currently, cystoscopy is the gold standard for BC detection and surveillance, which requires invasive sampling to pathological examination of suspicious tissue, but the sensitivity to diagnose carcinoma in situ is low and patients often bear a high economic burden [6]. Urine cytology is widely used as a non-invasive test but with unsatisfying sensitivity. To explore non-invasive urine-based detection methods, numbers of urinary biomarkers have been developed in laboratories and clinics [7–9].
Optimizing outcomes and managing adverse events in locally advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer: a clinical pharmacology perspective
Published in Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology, 2023
Pratap Singh, Anand Rotte, Anthony A. Golsorkhi, Sandhya Girish
The presence of abnormal cells in the urine upon cytological examination is the main diagnostic indicator of bladder cancer. While urine cytology is easy to obtain and has high sensitivity and specificity for high-grade lesions, it is a less sensitive diagnostic test for low-grade lesions and is therefore used as an adjunct test for the diagnosis of BC [9]. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) test that detects common chromosomal defects associated with cancers is another test used for the diagnosis and surveillance of BC. However, FISH also has low sensitivity with low-grade cancers and is used as a supportive diagnostic test. Computed tomography (CT) scan or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) used to assess the internal organs for evidence of tumor mass are routinely used to detect BC. Biopsy of the tumor or transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) specimen that includes detrusor muscle to differentiate between NMIBC and MIBC is used to further confirm BC and determine the stage of the cancer [9,10].
Related Knowledge Centers
- Bladder Cancer
- Carcinoma In Situ
- Epithelium
- Hematuria
- Urine
- Urinary System
- Cancer
- Urinalysis
- Ureteral Cancer
- Urethral Cancer