Intellectual disabilities
Michael Horvat, Ronald V. Croce, Caterina Pesce, Ashley Fallaize in Developmental and Adapted Physical Education, 2019
Because of the variability of physical and functional skill development, fitness levels of children may be uneven. Based on previous work, it is evident that changes in functional level can be initiated with activity programs. Horvat and Croce (1995) consistently maintain that individuals with ID will respond to training interventions in a manner similar to that of their peers without ID. A critical element of most exercise programs is the ability to maintain intervention and generalize the activity to home, community, and work settings. A circuit training program, as depicted in Figure 8.1, is an excellent way to help children increase physical fitness. A progressive activity program that gradually increases the duration, repetition, or time involved in an activity should be used. If appropriate, additional opportunities should be provided at home or community and recreation settings. For example, several studies used circuit and vocational training in community settings, while Seagraves et al. (2004) and Smail and Horvat (2006) implemented a resistance and vocational training program in a school-based setting. Physical fitness activities, such as walking, jogging, aquatics, dance, aerobics, parachute activities, and stationary cycling, and progressive resistance exercises can be used with children with ID in regular physical education classes or in community settings.
Nutrition and Metabolic Factors
Michael H. Stone, Timothy J. Suchomel, W. Guy Hornsby, John P. Wagle, Aaron J. Cunanan in Strength and Conditioning in Sports, 2023
In contrast to priority training, exercises may be completed in a “circuit” fashion in which a series of exercises that may include large and small muscle mass exercises and both upper and lower-body exercises are all completed before circling back to complete another set. This type of training is termed circuit weight training and it is typically characterized by short rest periods (< 1 min) between exercises and/or sets and exercise alterations between upper and lower body each set (141). In theory, the shorter rest periods are meant to stimulate metabolism and increase energy expenditure. In other words, one could argue that the goal of circuit training programs is to simply burn kcal. Compared to priority training programs, circuit training programs typically place a greater emphasis on smaller muscle mass, often single-joint exercises. However, despite the shorter rest periods, the average training intensity is considerably lower in circuit training programs compared to priority training programs due to lower masses being lifted. If large muscle mass exercises are included, circuit training programs can produce fairly high energy expenditures. However, priority training (Table 4.1) that emphasizes large muscle mass exercises can produce similar kcal expenditures, despite the use of longer inter-set rest periods, since heavier loads are used (179).
Coronary heart disease
John M. Saxton in Exercise and Chronic Disease, 2011
The use of home-based exercise regimens obviously limits the choices and modalities of exercise available to practitioner and client. Much research has focused on the differences in training responses to resistance versus aerobic exercise. In their purest forms (for example continuous cycling for 30 minutes versus 3 × 8–10 repetitions at 65 per cent of a patient's one repetition maximum) the comparison of these two modalities is more or less academic because the majority of programmes use a combined approach to exercise whether through choice or necessity. Circuit training with both aerobic and resistive elements is the most commonly-used exercise modality (Brodie et al. 2006). When it is used, resistance exercise is often limited by equipment availability and safety concerns. This means that patients often perform exercises mainly at the high volume low end of the repetition continuum making the exercise a mixture of aerobic and resistive and not conducive to the continued development of strength.
Novel molecular biomarkers’ response to a cardiac rehabilitation programme in patients with ischaemic heart diseases
Published in European Journal of Physiotherapy, 2018
Sherin H. M. Mehani
The training session started with warming up (5 minutes) with treadmill walking using mild speed without inclination and ended by cooling down (5 minutes) in the same manner. Training session was in the form of circuit training that was composed of aerobic training bouts (about 9 bouts) and in between circuit weight training (8 resisted exercises). There was active rest about 45 seconds (less than one minute) between each exercise station in the form of mild walking in the room with a heart rate less than the target or training heart rate as follows:aerobic exercise training on treadmill – active rest – resisted exercise for one muscle group – active rest – aerobic exercise on bicycle ergometry – active rest – and then resisted exercise for another muscle group – active rest and so on till completing the eight muscle groups for resisted exercise.
Effectiveness of a structured physical rehabilitation program on the physical fitness, mental health and pain for Chinese patients with major depressive disorders in Hong Kong – a randomized controlled trial with 9-month follow-up outcomes
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2022
Rosanna Mei Wa Chau, Amy Ying Yu Tsui, Eva Yee Wah Wong, Eddy Yu Yeung Cheung, Debby Yat Ching Chan, Polly Mo Yee Lau, Roger Man Kin Ng
Exercise regime was designed according to the guidelines on exercise prescription for patients with depressive disorder [8,21]. The program lasted for 60 minutes per each session with a frequency of 3 times per week for 12 weeks in total. The program consisted of general stretching exercise as warm-up, circuit training and cooling-down exercise. The circuit training included 3 stations of aerobic exercises with moderate intensity (50–70% of maximum heart rate), 3 stations of strengthening exercises of major muscles groups (3 sets of 10 repetitions per each muscle group). A 15-minute session of cooling down exercise was conducted at the end of each training session with emphases on stress management incorporating mindful breathing, stretching and body awareness exercises. The program emphasized on the interaction among patients and therapists as well as among patients and patients. Patients were encouraged to share their ideas and feelings among peers and therapists to enhance their sense of engagement and ownership of themselves in the program. To cultivate their exercise habit, an exercise booklet with log sheet was delivered for self-monitoring of the compliance rate to home exercise program. Assessments were performed at T1, T2 and T3.
Older Adults’ Psychosocial Responses to a Fear of Falling: A Scoping Review to Inform Occupational Therapy Practice
Published in Occupational Therapy in Mental Health, 2020
Sin Yan Flora Wu, Ted Brown, Mong-lin Yu
Even though CBT has been found to be useful in the management of FoFPR in older adults, CBT interventions alone are inadequate substitutes for interventions that can improve clients’ physical skills to minimize their risks for falling (Giné-Garriga et al., 2013). For that reason, the effectiveness of exercise interventions to improve physical status and minimize fear of falling are well-addressed in the literature (Harling & Simpson, 2008). The exercise interventions included balance training exercise, strength training, and functional circuit training that aims to improve physiological functions (Huang et al., 2015). A systematic review has reported small to moderate effects of exercise interventions to reduce FoFPR negative reactions immediately after the intervention while the long-term effect is unclear (Huang et al., 2015).
Related Knowledge Centers
- Endurance Training
- Hyperextension
- Strength Training
- Aerobics
- High-Intensity Interval Training
- Push-Up
- Dip
- Sit-Up
- Crunch
- Burpee