Menstrual-Cycle-Related Disorders
Jane M. Ussher, Joan C. Chrisler, Janette Perz in Routledge International Handbook of Women’s Sexual and Reproductive Health, 2019
Migraine headaches are among the most prevalent neurological health conditions. Migraine is an inherited central pain dysfunction, which involves a complex interplay between neurotransmitters, vasoactive inflammatory peptides such as calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), and portions of the trigeminal nerve that innervate blood vessels in the brain. The end result is pain, nausea, and pain reactions to stimuli that are not typically painful (e.g., light and sound; i.e., allodynia) (Broner, Bobker, & Klebanoff, 2017). Migraines without aura (common migraines) occur more frequently, often last longer, and are more disabling than migraine with aura (Headache Classification Committee, 2018). Approximately one quarter of adults with migraine experience migraine with aura, which is characterized by visual and/or sensory and/or speech symptoms that develop gradually and last about one hour before the onset of a migraine headache.
Diagnostic testing and ominous causes of headache
Stephen D. Silberstein, Richard B. Upton, Peter J. Goadsby in Headache in Clinical Practice, 2018
Dennis and Warlow41 defined transient ischaemic attacks (T1A) as the acute loss of focal cerebral or monocular function with symptoms lasting less than 24 hours, which, after adequate investigation, is presumed to be embolic or thrombotic vascular disease. Dennis and Warlow41 compared a group of patients with migraine aura without headache with a group with TIA and found that 98% of the patients with migraine aura without headache had visual symptoms. These visual symptoms were binocular in 71%. Seventy-one percent described positive visual features, and 30% had other aura symptoms, including sensory disturbances, aphasia or dysarthria. Patients who had migraine aura without headache had longer attacks than did those with TIA. Symptoms lasted between 15 minutes and 1 hour in 74% of patients with migraine aura without headache.
Hypnotherapy with a Medical Condition: Migraine Headache
Assen Alladin, Michael Heap, Claire Frederick in Hypnotherapy Explained, 2018
Migraine headaches are characterized by recurrent attacks of pain that vary widely in frequency, intensity and duration. The Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society: Second Edition (ICHD-II) (2004) lists 14 major categories of headaches. Migraine is listed as the first of the major categories, comprising migraine without aura, migraine with aura, and chronic migraine. Migraine attacks are associated with loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting and exaggerated sensitivity to light and sound, and often involve sensory, motor or mood disturbances. The migraine with aura is characterized by identifiable sensory disturbances that precede the head pain, whereas migraine without aura has a sudden onset and an intense throbbing, usually unilateral. Chronic migraine is diagnosed in patients having migraine on 15 days per month or more in the absence of medication overuse (Olesen and Lipton, 2006).
The human NTG model of migraine in drug discovery and development
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery, 2023
Lanfranco Pellesi
Aura refers to a sequence of visual or sensory disturbances that occur shortly before a migraine episode. Intravenous and/or sublingual NTG were not able to induce aura in individuals with migraine preceded by aura [14,23]. After 20-minute infusion of NTG, individuals developed migraine episodes, but none experienced aura [23]. Familial hemiplegic migraine runs in families and is an autosomal form of migraine that typically includes weakness of half the body which can last for days or weeks. A 20-minute infusion of NTG failed to induce migraine episodes in individuals with familial hemiplegic migraine [24,25]. Only individuals with coexisting episodic migraine reported migraine after NTG provocation, suggesting that migraine-triggering mechanisms are presumably distinct between familial hemiplegic and common migraine [26].
Role of endometriosis in defining cardiovascular risk: a gender medicine approach for women’s health
Published in Human Fertility, 2022
Michela Cirillo, Maria Elisabetta Coccia, Felice Petraglia, Cinzia Fatini
The subjects were considered to have hypertension if they had been diagnosed as hypertensives according to ESH/ESC guidelines (ESH/ESC Task Force for the Management of Arterial Hypertension 2013) (≥140/90 mm Hg) or were taking antihypertensive drugs (Mancia et al., 2013). Diabetes was defined in agreement with the American Diabetes Association (Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus, 2003); smokers were defined as current or recent (ex-smokers who stopped less than 5 years earlier) smokers. Metabolic Syndrome was defined according to International Diabetes Federation (Alberti et al., 2005). Diagnosis of migraine with aura had been performed by physician according to The International Classification of Headache Disorders 3rd edition (Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society (IHS), 2013).
Transient visual disturbances as a primary manifestation of metastatic brain tumours
Published in Clinical and Experimental Optometry, 2021
Rebecca Moran
Emergency room evaluation that morning revealed no significant findings, and the patient was subsequently seen in the eye clinic for further examination. He denied any ocular conditions, medical problems, or associated stroke-like symptoms. Visual acuity was 6/6 in each eye with normal extraocular muscle movements, pupils, confrontation visual fields, and colour vision. Anterior and posterior segment examination including dilation was unremarkable without pertinent findings or retinal emboli. The diagnosis of migraine with visual aura was made based on the clinical symptoms, exam findings, and absence of other risk factors including microvascular disease. However, due to his older age and absence of a history of migraines a closer follow-up was recommended. He was advised to return to the eye clinic for additional testing, and seek emergency care if symptoms persisted or experienced signs of stroke.
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