Third-Generation Variants of CBT and CBAT
Marcia L. Rosal in Cognitive-Behavioral Art Therapy, 2018
According to Robins, Schmidt, and Linehan (2004), focusing solely on behavior change leads to increased arousal rather than de-escalation of emotional intensity, because suicidal and BPD clients are sensitive to criticism. Emotional dysregulation is also a problematic attribute of numerous clients with these disorders, and they are quickly triggered when problem behavior is the focus of treatment. Therefore Linehan imagined DBT as including both a skills practice program and an intervention that embraces the needs of the client with acceptance and compassion. Brodsky and Standley stressed that the acquisition of skills took precedence over the uncovering of maladaptive thinking in this treatment approach because of the sensitive nature of the clients. Linehan highlighted the fact that mindfulness skills are a core component of DBT to provide clients with a means of learning to accept their own plight: “They are the first skills taught and are listed on the diary cards that patients fill out every week” (Linehan, 1993a, p. 144). Other major skills taught and practiced in DBT include distress tolerance, emotional regulation, and interpersonal skills.
Unsafe Sex: Do Feelings Matter?
Michael B. Blank, Marlene M. Eisenberg in HIV: Issues with Mental Health and Illness, 2014
There are several implications from this project. Affect regulation in dealing with condom use appears to be an important issue and difficulty with such regulation is likely a barrier towards condom use for many adolescents. Since this factor was unrelated to previous sexual abuse trauma or primary psychiatric diagnosis, it suggests that such difficulties can be encountered in a wide variety of adolescents. Difficulty with distress during condom use is not confined to those that are clinically depressed or emotionally labile. Clinicians and facilitators of interventions need to be alert to subtle signs of distress as adolescents contemplate safer sexual behavior. In fact, the role-plays observed during preliminary work suggested that there were many adolescents with signs of only minimal stress who felt incapable of using condoms. If emotional dysregulation were a problem for an adolescent, this finding would imply the need for interventions to specifically target these skills. Further work is needed to determine how widespread these deficits are and the extent to which they are related to sexual risk behavior in other samples. However, the relationship between distress and other health behaviors suggests that the role of emotions should not be overlooked but should be the focus of further inquiry. Assisting adolescents in managing their emotions may be as important as acquiring practical behavioral skills in order to consistently enact safe sexual behavior.
Neurovirulence of the West Nile Virus
Sunit K. Singh, Daniel Růžek in Neuroviral Infections, 2013
Abnormalities noted above usually resolve over time, but persistence of tremor and parkinsonism have been observed in some patients recovering from severe encephalitis. More than 65% of encephalitic patients who underwent neuropsychological testing after being admitted to an acute rehabilitation center still present persisting cognitive deficits at discharge (Arciniegas and Anderson 2004). These included language/social communication deficits, memory impairment, executive dysfunction, and defects in attention and concentration. Approximately 25% of the patients had slowed processing speed. Emotional dysregulation such as depression, anxiety and irritability, and psychomotor abnormalities such as apathy and agitation, were found in more than 75% of these patients (Arciniegas and Anderson 2004).
Neural Activity Across the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex and Risk for Suicidal Ideation and Self-Injury
Published in Archives of Suicide Research, 2022
Zarmeen Zahid, Liam McMahon, Michael Lynch
In the case of NSSI, research has demonstrated a distinctive association between emotion dysregulation and risk and severity of NSSI. Emotional dysregulation refers to the inability to regulate and control the intensity and duration of negative emotions such as stress, anxiety, fear, sadness, depression, anger and guilt (Laddis, 2015). It is well established that NSSI occurrence is associated with higher levels of global emotion dysregulation (Bedi, Muller, & Classen, 2014; Gratz, Breetz, & Tull, 2009; Gratz & Chapman, 2007). In an effort to more clearly understand the role of emotion and emotion dysregulation in NSSI, In-Albon, Tschan, Schwarz, and Schmid (2015) investigated emotion regulation among adolescent females with a history of past and current NSSI. They found that adolescents with a history of past and current NSSI reported significantly more instances of emotion dysregulation, lack of emotional clarity and difficulty engaging in goal-directed behavior than did the control group (In-Albon et al., 2015). Furthermore, Morris (2016) showed a clear association between emotion dysregulation and higher rates of lifetime engagement in NSSI, as well as use of NSSI behavior as a maladaptive emotional regulation strategy.
Fruit and vegetable intake is inversely associated with severity of inattention in a pediatric population with ADHD symptoms: the MADDY Study
Published in Nutritional Neuroscience, 2023
Lisa M. Robinette, Irene E. Hatsu, Jeanette M. Johnstone, Gabriella Tost, Alisha M. Bruton, Brenda M. Y. Leung, James B. Odei, Tonya Orchard, Barbara L. Gracious, L. Eugene Arnold
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder affecting about 7% of children worldwide [1] and up to 10% of children in the United States [2]. It is a significant public health concern, associated with poor social, academic, and economic outcomes as well as increased risk of hospital admissions and injuries [2]. ADHD is clinically diagnosed as a chronic pattern of inattention and/ or hyperactivity/impulsivity that interferes with functioning in two or more settings and is not due to another disorder [3]. Increasingly, ADHD is recognized as involving problems with self-regulation, which may include emotional dysregulation. Clinical features of emotional dysregulation include irritability, inappropriately positive or negative emotions, persistent anger, defiant behavior and/or vindictiveness, and impulsive aggression [4]. These symptoms occur in conditions like Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) and Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD) [3].
Neurobiological Mechanisms Of Depression Following Traumatic Brain Injury
Published in Brain Injury, 2023
Aava Bushra Jahan, Kaloyan Tanev
Depression after TBI may be phenomenologically and neurobiologically distinct from major depressive disorder (MDD). Some patients with depression after TBI may experience symptoms that overlap with those of MDD, including lack of motivation, loss of interest, difficulty concentrating, exhaustion, irritability, loss of appetite, and insomnia (5). In contrast, other patients may experience symptoms of atypical depression including apathy, lethargy, hypersomnia, increased appetite, reduced arousal, and leaden paralysis (5). In addition, patients may report headaches, blurred vision, dizziness, fatigue, frustration, lack of motor coordination, memory deficits, cognitive impairment, and difficulty performing tasks that require learning, selective attention, and working memory following TBI (6). Patients may also experience chronic emotional dysregulation and significant changes in affect includingagitation, angry outbursts, aggressive behaviors, frustration, and impulsivity (7). Some patients may also experience personality changes, co-morbid psychiatric disorders (e.g., anxiety, substance abuse, etc.), and increased suicidal ideation (8–10). Depression after TBI is a public and global health burden, as it negatively impacts the quality of life by promoting reliance on caregivers and reducing an individual’s capacity to function independently in society (11).
Related Knowledge Centers
- Autism Spectrum
- Emotion
- Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Bipolar Disorder
- Borderline Personality Disorder
- Psychological Trauma
- Child Abuse
- Reactive Attachment Disorder
- Complex Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
- Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder