Meta-Analysis with Binary Data
Ding-Geng (Din) Chen, Karl E. Peace in Applied Meta-Analysis with R and Stata, 2021
Bipolar disorder is a psychiatric condition historically known as manic-depressive disorder. Bipolar disorder is among the top causes of worldwide disability and is characterized by both depressive and manic episodes as described in Geddes et al. (2009). Bipolar disorder is a lifelong recurrent illness and there is no known cure. Patients usually require long-term treatment with psychotherapy drugs to control symptoms. Lamotrigine is one of several drugs used in the treatment of bipolar disorder. It is an anticonvulsant and has been approved by the US FDA as an adjunctive treatment for epilepsy and for maintenance treatment for Bipolar I disorder. Lamotrigine is marketed in the USA and in some European countries as “Lamictal” by GlaxoSmithKline. Although there is evidence of long-term efficacy of lamotrigine as maintenance treatment for Bipolar I disorder, five placebo-controlled clinical trials of lamotrigine in acute phase therapy have been reported as individually neutral and there was no statistically significant benefit from this medication as reported in Calabrese et al. (2008). To further investigate the efficacy of lamotrigine in acute bipolar depression, Geddes et al. (2009) conducted a meta-analysis of these five trials (see Table 1 in Geddes) using patient-level data. The authors also conducted an extensive database search on MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsyINFO, and CENTRAL and found two more studies which reported substantially statistically significant benefits with lamotrigine. However, these two studies were not used because of substantial differences in protocols.
Life Care Planning for Depressive Disorders, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, and Schizophrenia
Roger O. Weed, Debra E. Berens in Life Care Planning and Case Management Handbook, 2018
Symptoms associated with bipolar disorder include mania, hypomania, depressive, and mixed states. Psychotic features may occur with all of these states except hypomania. Psychotic features are defined as a break with reality characterized by delusions and hallucinations. The DSM-V (APA, 2013) criteria for each of these mood states are detailed in the following section.
Phobias
Judy Z. Koenigsberg in Anxiety Disorders, 2020
Chapter 2 explored the concept of assimilative integration. What is the rationale for using an assimilative integrative approach for social anxiety disorder (SAD), and how can this type of integration assist patients with SAD? An assimilative integrative approach that introduces other treatment components, e.g., interpersonal, while at the same time drawing on the effective aspects of cognitive behavioral therapy may appeal to therapists who treat individuals with social anxiety (Macarthur, 2013). Chapter 5 described the difficulty that individuals with generalized anxiety have with avoidance and relationships. Individuals with social anxiety disorder, similar to those with generalized anxiety disorder, have similar difficulties (Newman, Castonguay, Borkovec, Fisher, & Nordberg, 2008). Whereas cognitive-behavioral therapy does not place a lot of weight on the aforementioned elements that hold difficulty for patients with social anxiety, an integrative treatment can utilize the beneficial parts of cognitive-behavioral treatment for social anxiety while integrating interpersonal therapy that focuses on interpersonal relationships for patients with social anxiety disorder (Lipsitz, 2012; Macarthur, 2013). It has been established that a CBT-directed integrative psychotherapy treatment is helpful for patients with generalized anxiety disorder, and given certain similarities (e.g., emotional avoidance and interpersonal relationships) between generalized anxiety disorder and social anxiety disorder, a similar CBT-directed integrative treatment approach may be helpful for those with social anxiety disorder (Macarthur, 2013; Newman et al., 2008). Social anxiety disorder has been shown to have a high comorbidity rate with bipolar disorder, and it has been suggested that an integrated psychotherapy approach of CBT and interpersonal therapy (IPT) be used in treating social anxiety disorder for patients with bipolar disorder (Merikangas et al., 2007; Queen et al., 2015).
Bipolar disorder and the college student: A review and implications for universities
Published in Journal of American College Health, 2020
Objective: This brief report provides a review of the prevalence and expression of bipolar disorder in the college student population. Implications for college teachers and universities working with students with bipolar disorder are presented. Methods: Responses from the National College Health Assessment (2009–2017) reference groups were collated to estimate whether the prevalence of students with bipolar disorder has been increasing over time. Results: Data indicate that although overall prevalence is low, the presence of students with bipolar disorder has increased over the past decade. Conclusions: To help students with serious mental illness, including bipolar disorder, succeed in higher education, practices consistent with the philosophy of supported education should be adopted. Special attention will need to be paid to students’ financial and academic challenges.
Late onset bipolar disorder and frontotemporal dementia with mutation in progranulin gene: a case report
Published in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Degeneration, 2017
Elisa Rubino, Alessandro Vacca, Salvatore Gallone, FLORA Govone, Milena Zucca, Annalisa Gai, Patrizia Ferrero, Pierpaola Fenoglio, Maria Teresa Giordana, Innocenzo Rainero
Bipolar disorder is a chronic psychiatric illness characterised by fluctuation in mood state, with a relapsing and remitting course. Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous syndrome, with the most frequent phenotype being behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD). Here, we report the case of an Italian male presenting with late-onset bipolar disorder that developed into bvFTD over time, carrying a mutation in the GRN gene. Interestingly, the patient carried the c.1639 C > T variant in the GRN gene, resulting in a R547C substitution. Our case report further corroborates the notion that, in addition to FTD, progranulin may be involved in the neurobiology of bipolar disorder type 1, and suggests to screen patients with late-onset bipolar disorder for GRN mutations.
Does the X-Chromosome Carry the Gene Responsible for Bipolar Disorder?
Published in Klinik Psikofarmakoloji Bülteni-Bulletin of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 2013
Tuba Gokdogan Edgunlu, Ibrahim Duvarci, Esin Sakalli Cetin
According to family, twin and adoption studies, which consistently indicate a strong genetic component, the specific genes that are responsible for bipolar disorder remain unclear. While the mode of transmission is poorly characterized, genetic studies suggest that the X-chromosome may be responsible for bipolar disorder. Muscular dystrophy is an X-chromosome linked recessively inherited disorder. In this case, we present a 35 year-old male with bipolar disorder and coexisting muscular dystrophy whose mother has bipolar disorder. This case prompts us to consider the possibility that those genes responsible for muscular dystrophy and bipolar disorder might be in close proximity within the same chromosome, namely the X-chromosome.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Genetics
- Mood Stabilizer
- Altman Self-Rating Mania Scale
- Young Mania Rating Scale
- Twin Studies
- Heritability
- Chromosome