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The Potential of Microbial Mediated Fermentation Products of Herbal Material in Anti-Aging Cosmetics
Published in Namrita Lall, Medicinal Plants for Cosmetics, Health and Diseases, 2022
Biotransformation may also result in the conversion of an active compound to an equally active compound, as in the instance of the cardiac glycosides lanatoside C to digoxin by Penicillium vermiculatum and Arthrobacter citreus (Figure 2.4). In this two-step reaction, lanatoside C co-cultured with P. vermiculatum for 12–20 hours yields acetyldigoxin as the sole metabolite through deglycosylation, with a yield of 60%. Incubation of acetyldigoxin with A. citrus for a further 12 hours results in a deacetylation reaction which yields digoxin with approximately 60% efficiency. Alternatively, lanatoside C may be incubated with P. vermiculatum or A. citreus for 240 and 120 hours, respectively; however, in addition to the extended period required for the incubation, the reaction yields are low (Figure 2.4) (Fuska et al., 1987).
Enzalutamide and analytical interferences in digoxin assays
Published in Clinical Toxicology, 2018
Marie Deguigne, Marion Brunet, Chadi Abbara, Alain Turcant, Gaël Le Roux, Bénédicte Lelièvre
Although the vast majority of these interferences can be explained by the structural similarity of the substance in question and that of digoxin, the structure of enzalutamide is very different compared to digoxin, and the reason for this analytical interference remains unknown (Figure 2). Nevertheless, studies have shown that some anti-digoxin antibodies (such as 26-10 Fab) interact with digoxin through contact with its lactone cycle [35]. A possible hypothesis is that this analytical interference is linked to an interaction between the antibody used in the CMIA method and enzalutamide’s oxo-imidazoline function, very close to lactone cycle. If this hypothesis was confirmed, interference between enzalutamide and digitoxin could be observed, digitoxin also having a lactone ring. According to Abbott laboratories data, all substances that have been cross-reacted with digoxin by the CMIA method (digoxigenin bis-digitoxoside, digoxigenin mono-digitoxoside, acetyldigoxin, deslanoside, lanatoside C) have a lactone cycle (Architect system, i digoxin, Abbott laboratories instructions).