Clinical Pharmacy and Its Relationship to Clinical Research
Gary M. Matoren in The Clinical Research Process in the Pharmaceutical Industry, 2020
It is important to define what is meant by the term "clinical pharmacy." While some use the term to refer to the "patient orientation" sweeping the pharmacy profession as a whole, others use the term to refer to pharmacists with specialized knowledge and skills not common to all licensed pharmacists. While patient orientation should be the standard of practice for all pharmacists, clinical pharmacy best describes those pharmacists with "unique clinical skills." In the United States, there are now hundreds of clinical pharmacists with specific responsibilities that cannot be performed by the majority of pharmacists: drug therapy selection; dosage calculation based upon pharmacokinetic parameters; interpretation of laboratory tests and physical assessment used to evaluate drug response and adverse effects; and primary patient care [3,4]. Rather than being a divisive concept, recognition of these specialty practitioners points to the diversity and strength of the profession.
The sector's heritage
Nigel Starey in Health and Social Care in the Digital World, 2020
The development of clinical pharmacy services, such as those in hospitals where pharmacists are intimately involved with the provision and supervision of medicines, has been gradually developing in the primary care sector. Pharmaceutical advisers to health authorities have usually been hospital pharmacists with training in clinical pharmacy and are aware of the potential for community pharmacists to develop this role in the primary care sector. The rapid growth in the drug budgets of the NHS (£6.2 billion in 1999/2000) is an important driver towards the development of effective medicines management in the community. The implications for the future of the profession of pharmacy are profound. No longer simply the dispenser of prescriptions and the first point of contact for advice on minor ailments, perhaps in the future the pharmacist may be the manager of medicines in primary care teams, the prescriber of medication where licensed and competent, and even the controller of the medicine budget of the primary care organisation.
Hope Amid Uncertainty: 1950 to 2000
John K. Crellin in A Social History of Medicines in the Twentieth Century, 2020
However, clinical pharmacy only really found a home in hospital pharmacy, rather than community pharmacy. Nevertheless, clinical pharmacy set the stage for pharmacy to focus not so much on the pharmacist as an "expert" compared with the physician but as a counselor for patients and their needs (not dissimilar to the role many community pharmacists had had in the past). This new phase, from 1990 onward, came to be known as "pharmaceutical care." Many different shades of meaning have been attached to the term around the world, but one definition, published under the auspices of an American Pharmaceutical Association publication, captures many aspects. The definition states that for every dilemma or difficulty faced by a patient (e.g., in managing multiple medicines or the inability to afford a necessary medication), pharmacists should find out what was really going on with the patient, pinpoint unidentified problems that may exist, and work with the patient and his or her physician to make sure the appropriate care is rendered and that the patient achieves the desired effect from treatment.227
Quality of Work Life in Healthcare: A Comparison of Medical Representatives and Hospital Pharmacists
Published in Hospital Topics, 2021
Thang Quoc Vu, Binh Thanh Nguyen, Van Nu Hanh Pham, Nam Huu Nguyen, Tram Thi Huyen Nguyen, Nam Xuan Vo, Nhat Minh Ngo, Trung Quang Vo
In Vietnam, as well, the situation confronting pharmacists has become progressively more challenging. Although there have been increases in salaries and wage supplements for healthcare workers, these benefits are still incommensurate with the time that they spend in training and the hardships encountered in specific occupations, work environments, and work conditions. Compounding this problem is the disparity in the geographic distribution of healthcare workers, including pharmacists, because of the difficulties of working in rural or mountainous areas (Ministry of Health (VN), 2016). These issues prompted research on QWL in Vietnam (Nguyen-Hoang and Quang Vo 2018; Phan and Vo 2016; Quang Vo 2015), but no study has focused on a comparison of QWL between medical representatives and hospital pharmacists. Hospital pharmacists are those who have been trained in pharmacy and work in hospitals who undertake pharmaceutical jobs such as supply activities, instructions for drug use in hospitals and clinical pharmacy. However, medical representatives are in charged to present the new studies, new features of their products to other healthcare workers to promote theproduct sales. These two jobs are popular for fresh pharmacists after graduation from universities of pharmacy in the country. Therefore, it is essential to address their QWL problems in order to improve their performance and help them better compete with foreign pharmacists. This gap was addressed in the current work.
Potential Psychotropic Drug Interactions among Drug-dependent People
Published in Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 2021
Diego Zapelini do Nascimento, Gabriela Moreno Marques, Fabiana Schuelter-Trevisol
This study presented alternatives for identifying drug interactions between adverse reactions, and demonstrated their impact related to the difficulty healthcare professionals encounter in dealing with psychotropic drugs. It is important to go beyond the identification of the patient’s clinical profile, and acquire knowledge of pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics in order to promote the rational use of psychotropic drugs. That is the most effective way to identify potential drug interactions, as well as to properly manage potential adverse drug reactions that may be triggered by the use of several psychotropic drugs. The implementation of clinical pharmacy services in outpatient clinics, hospitals, and mental health-care centers can be considered the most effective alternative to avoid adverse reactions, including drug interactions, because the clinical pharmacist is qualified for such practice. In addition, pharmacists are ready to assist the entire multidisciplinary team involved in the treatment of patients with mental disorders or substance dependence, and provide pharmacological treatment.
Development of clinical pharmacy in Belgian hospitals through pilot projects funded by the government
Published in Acta Clinica Belgica, 2019
A. Somers, A. Spinewine, I. Spriet, S. Steurbaut, P. Tulkens, J. D. Hecq, L. Willems, H. Robays, M. Dhoore, H. Yaras, I. Vanden Bremt, M. Haelterman
Clinical pharmacy is defined as the provision of patient-oriented pharmaceutical care, with the goal to maximize drug efficacy and to minimize drug harm by preventing drug-related problems [1,2]. In hospitals, clinical pharmacists are active on the wards, where they analyze the patients’ pharmacotherapy having full access to medical and laboratory data. They recommend drug therapy changes with regard to efficacy, safety, costs, and patients’ preferences, and answer questions concerning drugs. Clinical pharmacists can also be implicated in medication reconciliation, patient counseling, and education of other health care providers.
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