Postpartum Problems (The Puerperium), Including Neonatal Problems – Questions
Rekha Wuntakal, Madhavi Kalidindi, Tony Hollingworth in Get Through, 2014
With respect to the fetal circulation, which one of the following is true? Umbilical cord contains two veins and one artery.Umbilical vein carries oxygenated blood from the fetus.Umbilical artery carries deoxygenated blood from the fetus.Umbilical vein carries deoxygenated blood to the fetus.Umbilical artery carries oxygenated blood to the fetus.
Embryology, Anatomy, and Physiology of the Bladder
Karl H. Pang, Nadir I. Osman, James W.F. Catto, Christopher R. Chapple in Basic Urological Sciences, 2021
Superior vesical arteryFirst large anterior branch of the internal iliac arteryRuns inferior to the pelvic brimTraverses the pelvis from its sidewall medially towards the upper portion of the bladder.Supplies:Distal ureter, bladder, the proximal end of the vas deferens, seminal vesicles.Gives rise to the umbilical artery in the foetus (medial umbilical ligament in adults).
Anatomy
Jonathan M. Fishman, Vivian A. Elwell, Rajat Chowdhury in OSCEs for the MRCS Part B, 2017
There are several important changes that take place at birth: The urachus (allantois) becomes the single, median umbilical ligament.The umbilical arteries become the right and left, medial umbilical ligaments, respectively.The left umbilical vein becomes the ligamentum teres (round ligament) in the free edge of the falciform ligament.The ductus venosus becomes the ligamentum venosum.The ductus arteriosus becomes the ligamentum arteriosum.In 2% of cases, the vitello-intestinal duct may persist as a Meckel's diverticulum.The foramen ovale in most cases obliterates at birth to become the fossa ovalis, but remains patent into adulthood in some 20% of cases.
Morphological and structural changes of umbilical veins and clinical significance in preeclampsia
Published in Hypertension in Pregnancy, 2018
Yonghong Lan, Zhi Yang, Mingmei Huang, Zhigang Cui, Yaling Qi, Haiyan Niu
Umbilical vessels are critical to fetal blood supply by serving as the exchange point between fetal and maternal blood. Two umbilical arteries transport fetal blood into capillaries of the placental villus, where it exchanges material with maternal blood. Fetal blood then merges into an umbilical vein that transports oxygen and nutrients to the fetus. Therefore, morphological changes in umbilical vessels can affect critical functions in the developing fetus. This study shows that preeclampsia cases have significantly decreased umbilical vein lumen diameter and significantly increased wall thickness, tunica media thickness, and wall-luminal ratio compared to controls. Our results correspond with a previous study that demonstrated morphological changes in umbilical cords from chronic hypertensive and preeclampsia cases.
Abnormal Umblical Artery Doppler is Utilized for Fetuses with Intrauterine Growth Restriction Birth at 280/7–336/7 Gestational Weeks
Published in Fetal and Pediatric Pathology, 2020
Emre Baser, Istemi Han Celik, Melek Bilge, Taner Kasapoglu, Dilek Ulubas Isik, Ethem Serdar Yalvac, Omer Lutfi Tapisiz, Safak Ozdemirci
The utilization of umbilical artery Doppler (UAD) is useful, easy, and a noninvasive method by which to assess the association of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) with placental insufficiency in order to diminish adverse perinatal mortality and morbidity [1–4]. Abnormal umbilical artery flow is strongly associated with placental insufficiency [1, 2], which is characterized as a histopathological finding of the obliteration or narrowing of arteries in the tertiary stem villi of the placental pathology [5]. UAD conveys information about the circulation and vascular structure of placental villi [3]. More than 70% of occluded umbilical arteries are strongly associated with worsened circumstances, leading to absent or reversal of end‐diastolic flow (AREDF) [1]. AREDF produces a detrimental risk factor for neonatal mortality and morbidities [6], such as preterm birth, IUGR, intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), and neonatal sepsis [1–3]. In the literature, there is a paucity of evidence regarding the effects of AREDF on perinatal outcomes of preterm births between 280 and 336 gestational weeks. The aim of this study is to compare the perinatal outcomes of preterm births (280–336 gestational weeks) with IUGR according to UAD characteristics of AREDF to those with normal end-diastolic umbilical artery blood flow (NEDF). Our hypothesis is that AREDF may be directly and indirectly associated with detrimental perinatal outcomes in preterm birth with early IUGR when compared to those of NEDF.
Comparative study of umbilical cord cross-sectional area in foetuses with isolated single umbilical artery and normal umbilical artery
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2022
Tian-Gang Li, Chong-Li Guan, Jian Wang, Mei-Juan Peng
A normal foetal umbilical cord includes two umbilical arteries (UAs) and one umbilical vein (UV). In the umbilical cord of a foetus with the condition single umbilical artery (SUA), only one UA is found (Murphy-Kaulbeck et al. 2010; Voskamp et al. 2013; Arslan et al. 2019). SUA is one of the most common prenatal diagnoses with foetal abnormalities, and the incidence is approximately 0.5%–5% (Gornall et al. 2003; Hua et al. 2010). Metabolic diseases, smoking, reproductive technology-assisted pregnancy, early pregnancy, primiparity, advanced age and multiple births are high-risk factors for SUA (Friebe-Hoffmann et al. 2019). SUA is a soft marker for foetal chromosomal abnormalities, congenital malformations and premature birth (Dagklis et al. 2010; Wang et al. 2019). Approximately >80% of SUA cases involve isolated SUAs (Martinez-Payo et al 2005; Chetty-John et al. 2010), which are not related to foetal malformations or chromosomal abnormalities. However, isolated SUA often leads to the development of certain obstetric complications, such as increased perinatal mortality and foetal growth retardation (Horton et al. 2010; Luo et al. 2017).