Oral cavity
Paul Ong, Rachel Skittrall in Gastrointestinal Nursing, 2017
Development of the crown always starts with the laying down of dentin. Dentin is formed from the dental papilla. Odontoblasts form a layer of dentin next to the inner dental epithelium. Dentin production continues towards the inside of the tooth.Enamel is formed from ameloblasts. The cells secrete enamel onto the surface of the dentin initially and then gradually build up the layer of enamel on top of the developing tooth.Cementum is formed by cementoblasts that form from the dental follicle. The cementum is laid down at the tooth root to assist in securing the tooth to the adjacent tissues.The periodontal ligament develops as a connection between cementum and the bone socket into which the tooth sits.
The Dental Connection to Health
Aruna Bakhru in Nutrition and Integrative Medicine, 2018
Dentin is composed of microscopic tubules that radiate from the dentin-pulp interface to the dentin-enamel interface. Within the dentin is a layer of odontoblast and preodontoblast cells that form the interface between the dentin and pulp. Functionally, odontoblasts secrete dentin matrix and because dentin is a living tissue, they maintain dentin vitality. The dentin, despite it being a living tissue, should have a blood supply to maintain physiological needs. However, the blood supply ends in the pulp chamber. In order to compensate for the lack of blood supply in the dentin, the odontoblasts have a dentinal fluid flow transport mechanism that inundates the dentin with essential nutrients obtained from the blood. The dental lymph is comprised of blood minus the large protein molecules and its purpose is to give vitality to the dentin.
The Cell Biology of Amelogenesis
Colin Robinson, Jennifer Kirkham, Roger Shore in Dental Enamel, 2017
The presecretory stage of amelogenesis is first and includes that portion of the enamel organ before enamel matrix is secreted. Two important features characterize this stage. First, the differentiation of preameloblasts and preodontoblasts are interdependent events, each proceeding only with appropriate timely signals from the other. Therefore, some description of mesenchymal cell differentiation into odontoblasts must be included with ameloblast differentiation. The second feature is that the term "presecretory" refers to enamel matrix, and not cell function. Future ameloblasts first secrete components of the basal lamina and later resorb the entire basal lamina, before enamel matrix appears.
Cell homing strategy as a promising approach to the vitality of pulp-dentin complexes in endodontic therapy: focus on potential biomaterials
Published in Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy, 2022
Elaheh Dalir Abdolahinia, Zahra Safari, Sayed Soroush Sadat Kachouei, Ramin Zabeti Jahromi, Nastaran Atashkar, Amirreza Karbalaeihasanesfahani, Mahdieh Alipour, Nastaran Hashemzadeh, Simin Sharifi, Solmaz Maleki Dizaj
Dental tissue engineering must consider two distinct sections of a tooth, each with its own set of characteristics [7]. The dental pulp is the soft, stromal tissue situated at the center of the tooth, surrounded by dentin. It is an extensively vascularized and innervated connective tissue that is required to maintain the homeostasis of teeth and thus their vitality. It comprises of fibroblasts, odontoblasts, vascular cells, neural cells and immune cells such as macrophages (histiocytes) [8], granulocytes, mast cells and plasma cells [9]. In addition, stem cell populations reside in the microvasculature and in other niches of the dental pulp [10,11]. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) maintain tissue homeostasis after differentiating into odontoblasts. These form new dentin when the original post-mitotic odontoblasts are lost as a result of dental diseases such as caries. Odontoblasts comprise highly differentiated cells that come from the neural crest, form primary dentin and maintain dentin throughout life. In addition, various signaling molecules mediate these tissue interactions [12]. Several studies have reported recent progress in developing dental pulp regeneration [13,14].
Dental stem cells in tooth regeneration and repair in the future
Published in Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy, 2018
Christian Morsczeck, Torsten E. Reichert
The dental pulp is a connective tissue of the tooth, which is connected with the mineralized tissue dentin. Dentin is a porous bone-like matrix that surrounds the dental pulp. Both tissues represent the dentin–pulp complex. The dentinogenesis is initiated by odontoblasts, the mineralizing cells of the dental pulp. Odontoblasts are able to regenerate minor hard tissue damage caused by tooth decay. Undifferentiated cells of the dental pulp are the origin of odontoblasts and these dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) were already isolated from postnatal teeth [2] as well as from the very rare natal teeth [21]. DPSCs are plastic adherent fibroblast-like cells. They form clonogenic colonies on cell culture dishes that define their ability to self-renew. The self-renewal ability of human DPSCs was also demonstrated by the isolation and cultivation of human stem cells from stem cell transplants previously transplanted into immunocompromised mice [22]. DPSCs are peri-vascular located and express a number mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) markers such as CD105, CD146, CD44, and Stro-1 [8]. DPSC-like cells were also isolated from human deciduous teeth; these cells are known as stem cells of human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) [23]. SHED can be cultivated either as plastic adherent cells or as neurosphere-like cell clusters.
Auditory ossicles: a potential biomarker for maternal and infant health in utero
Published in Annals of Human Biology, 2019
Tamara Leskovar, Julia Beaumont, Nidia Lisić, Suzanne McGalliard
Human tooth and dentine development and their high potential for isotopic studies have been discussed elsewhere (Fuller et al. 2003; Eerkens et al. 2011; Beaumont et al. 2013b, 2015; Beaumont and Montgomery 2016). In short, dentine-forming cells called odontoblasts secrete a collagen fibre matrix, which is mineralised by hydroxyapatite. Dentine formation starts before the formation of enamel, in the area closest to the future cusp of a tooth and progresses towards the centre of the tooth. When odontoblasts move from the enamel/dentine or cement/dentine junction towards the pulp chamber, a network of S-shape dental tubules remains throughout the thickness of the dentine, providing space for the circulation of the nutrients (Dean and Scandrett 1995; Nanci 2008).
Related Knowledge Centers
- Dentin
- Dentinogenesis
- Intermediate Filament
- Neural Crest
- Tooth Enamel
- Extracellular Matrix
- Endoplasmic Reticulum
- Cell
- Pulp
- Reelin