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Acute kidney injury
Published in Philip Woodrow, Nursing Acutely Ill Adults, 2015
Bilirubinuria only occurs with raised blood bilirubin levels. Bilirubin is a waste-product of erythrocyte metabolism (see Chapter 3). Normally converted by the liver into bile which flows to the gall bladder, gall-bladder disease causes bilirubin loss in urine (Wilson, 2005). While a positive dipstick test may raise concerns, it is insufficient to screen for disease (Walthour and Dassow, 2014). Bilirubinuria usually causes urine to look dark.
Liver disorders and gallstones
Published in Martin Andrew Crook, Clinical Biochemistry & Metabolic Medicine, 2013
Unconjugated bilirubin is normally all protein bound and is not water soluble and therefore cannot be excreted in the urine. Patients with unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia do not have bilirubinuria (‘acholuric jaundice’) such as Gilbert’s syndrome. Conjugated bilirubinaemia is one of the earliest signs of impaired hepatic excretion. In most cases of jaundice in adults, both conjugated and unconjugated fractions of bilirubin are increased in plasma but conjugated bilirubin predominates. Conjugated bilirubin is water soluble and is less strongly protein bound than the unconjugated form, and therefore can be excreted in the urine. Bilirubinuria is always pathological. Dark urine may be an early sign of some forms of hepatobiliary disease.
Physiology and Disorders of Human Bilirubin Metabolism
Published in Karel P. M. Heirwegh, Stanley B. Brown, Bilirubin, 1982
P. Berthelot, Ph. Duvaldestin, J. Fevery
The patterns of bilirubins excreted in urine do not appear to be of diagnostic value and urine analysis is now limited to detection of bilirubinuria. This indicates the presence of conjugated bilirubin in the serum. Therefore, it is more logical to omit urine analysis, often spurious and only qualitative, and to replace it by careful measurement of both direct-reacting and total bilirubin in the plasma.
Pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence of two strontium ranelate formulations after single oral administration in healthy Chinese subjects
Published in Xenobiotica, 2019
Dan Zhang, Aihua Du, Xiaolin Wang, Lina Zhang, Man Yang, Jingyi Ma, Ming Deng, Huichen Liu
During the study, 6 of 36 subjects reported a total of nine AEs (five events in 4 subjects receiving test formulation and four events in 2 subjects receiving reference formulation), including urethra infection (1 subject), proteinuria (1 subject), abnormal urine findings (1 subject), leucopenia (1 subject), hyperglycemia (2 subjects), bilirubinemia (1 subject), and bilirubinuria (2 subjects). All the AEs were mild in severity and resolved by study completion. Bilirubinemia and bilirubinuria were considered as possibly treatment-related, and other AEs were considered as unlikely to the treatment. Bilirubinemia and bilirubinuria occurred in one subject receiving reference formulation, and bilirubinuria occurred in another subject receiving test formulation. There were no clinically significant findings in the physical examination, vital signs, 12-lead ECG or chest X-ray. Overall, strontium ranelate was generally well tolerated in healthy Chinese male subjects following single oral administration of 2 g strontium ranelate.
Effects of a new 1,2,3-thiadiazole containing hydrazone antimycobacterial agent on serum and liver biochemical parameters in female mice
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2022
Violina T. Angelova, Rumyana Simeonova
INH led to significant bilirubinuria, urobilinogenuria, proteinuria, ketonuria, and glucosuria. It also acidified the urine. In contrast, the newly synthesized compound 3 did not affect significantly the investigated parameters, as seen from Table 3.