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Metallopharmaceuticals
Published in Varma H. Rambaran, Nalini K. Singh, Alternative Medicines for Diabetes Management, 2023
Varma H. Rambaran, Nalini K. Singh
While caution taking zinc and its associated complexes is not as forewarned as vanadium and chromium, supplements should be taken responsibly and not excessively. According to the Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS), an excessive intake of zinc can lead to zinc toxicity, which can cause gastrointestinal discomfort, and when chronic, may also disrupt the balance of other chemicals in the body, including copper and iron (Galan 2019, National Institutes of Health 2021).
Micronutrients
Published in Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy, Food and Lifestyle in Health and Disease, 2022
Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy
The RDA (Recommended Daily Allowance) for zinc is 11 mg/day for adult males and 8 mg/day for adult females (4, 26). The UL (Tolerable Upper Intake Level) is estimated at 40 mg zinc/day for adults (25). Consuming too much zinc can cause zinc poisoning or acute zinc toxicity. Symptoms of zinc poisoning are gastrointestinal irritation, dizziness, vomiting, nausea, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, and headaches in the short term (4, 25–26). Excess of zinc can disrupt absorption of copper and iron, leading to immune system dysfunction in the long term. Zinc supplements are often made with zinc acetate or gluconate (25).
Hepatic failure
Published in Michael JG Farthing, Anne B Ballinger, Drug Therapy for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, 2019
A randomized, controlled study of zinc acetate 600 mg daily, increased serum zinc, reduced serum ammonia and improved PSE as assessed by psychometric testing.37 Further studies using zinc sulphate at a dose of 600 mg daily have shown mixed results, with improvements in PSE reported by some studies but not others.38–41 Zinc toxicity remains a theoretical hazard, consequently zinc supplementation should be reserved for patients with documented deficiency or whose PSE is refractory to other forms of therapy.
Copper deficiency, a rare but correctable cause of pancytopenia: a review of literature
Published in Expert Review of Hematology, 2022
Nayha Tahir, Aqsa Ashraf, Syed Hamza Bin Waqar, Abdul Rafae, Leela Kantamneni, Taha Sheikh, Rafiullah Khan
According to the World Health Organization, the upper limit of zinc intake is 45 mg/day with copper homeostasis being affected with zinc intake of more than 50 mg/day [26]. Symptoms, however, appear when zinc intake crosses 1 to 2 g. Chronic zinc toxicity manifests primarily as copper deficiency affecting bone marrow (sideroblastic anemia, granulocytopenia, and myelodysplastic-like syndrome presentation) or neurological effects (ascending sensorimotor polyneuropathy) [30].