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Steroidal Alkaloids
Published in Amritpal Singh Saroya, Contemporary Phytomedicines, 2017
Solasodine (Fig. 21.12) is found in Solanum dulcamara L. (Kumar et al. 2009), Solanum sisymbriifolium Linn. (Chauhan et al. 2011), and Solanum trilobatum Linn. (Pandurangan et al. 2010). Solasonine and solamargine are glycoalkaloid derivatives of solasodine.
Catalog of Herbs
Published in James A. Duke, Handbook of Medicinal Herbs, 2018
Per 100 g, the fruit is reported to contain 93 calories, 74.3 g H2O, 3.7 g protein, 2.3 g fat, 18.1 g total carbohydrate, 9.0 g fiber, 1.6 g ash, 29 mg Ca, 78 mg P, 1.2 mg Fe, 374 mg K, 12,960 μg β-carotene equivalent, 0.22 mg thiamine, 0.36 mg riboflavin, 4.4 mg niacin, and 369 mg ascorbic acid. Per 100 g, the fruit is reported to contain 45 calories, 86.9 g H2O, 2.0 g protein, 0.8 g fat, 9.5 g total carbohydrate, 1.7 g fiber, 0 to 8 g ash, 11 mg Ca, 47 mg P, 0.9 mg Fe, 374 mg K, 4770 μg β-carotene equivalent, 0.09 mg thiamine, 0.12 mg riboflavin, 0.4 mg niacin, and 86 mg ascorbic acid.21 Traces of Al, Ba, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Si, and Ti are also reported. The coloring matter of the ripe fruit includes anther-axanthin, capsanthin, capsorubin, cryptocaprin, cryptoxanthin, lutein, neoxanthin, violax-anthin, zeaxanthin, alpha and beta-carotenes.64 Per 100 g, the seed is reported to contain 309 calories, 7.4 g H-,0, 16.1 g protein, 1.8 g fat, 71.3 g total carbohydrate, 35.0 g fiber, 3.4 g ash, 57 mg Ca, 466 mg P, 7.0 mg Fe, 300 μg β-carotene equivalent, 0.64 mg thiamine, 0.29 mg riboflavin, 11.8 mg niacin, and 29 mg ascorbic acid. The fruit contains the very irritant capsaicin at 0.14%. This hot principle is still noticeable at 1:11,000,000. Of the capsaicinoids, circa 48.6% is capsaicin, 36% dihydrocapsaicin, 7.4% nordihydrocapsaicin, 2% homodihydrocapsaicin, 2% homocapsaicin, 1.5% decanoic acid vanillylamide, and 1% nonanoic acid vanillylamide. Purseglove et al. give many more details.64 Plant contains solanidine, solanine, solasodine, and scopoletin. Chlorogenic acid is present in the stem.
Extracts of the Wild Potato Species Solanum chacoense on Breast Cancer Cells: Biochemical Characterization, In Vitro Selective Cytotoxicity and Molecular Effects
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2021
Daniel Cruceriu, Zorita Diaconeasa, Sonia Socaci, Carmen Socaciu, Ovidiu Balacescu, Elena Rakosy-Tican
Previous reports demonstrated the high quantities of α-solanine and α-chaconine in both tubers and leaves of different wild potato species (38), including S. chacoense (18). However, in the tuber extract obtained from 12-weeks old plants of S. chacoense accession PI 458310 grown in the laboratory and used in this study, α-solanine and α-chaconine were not present. Solasodine and solamargine, compounds identified in the leaf extract, were previously reported in the aerial parts of different wild potato species (38), but never in S. chacoense leaves. All these compounds are recognized for their anticancer activity, inducing both cell death and cell cycle arrest (21, 23); thus they contribute to the observed cytotoxic activity of the S. chacoense leaf extract.
Neuroprotective properties of solanum leaves in transgenic Drosophila melanogaster model of Alzheimer's disease
Published in Biomarkers, 2022
Opeyemi B. Ogunsuyi, Tosin A. Olasehinde, Ganiyu Oboh
Furthermore, it is crucial to note that these observed protective effects of the leaves could be associated with their constituent phytochemicals especially polyphenols and alkaloids as previously reported. (Ogunsuyi et al. 2021b) and shown in supplementary shown in tables S1 and S2, The identified phenolics include, luteolin, catechin derivatives, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid and dihydroxycoumarin. Similarly, alpha solanine, alpha solasodine chaconine, solanidine, solamargine, demissine and solasonine were alkaloids. Caffeic acid, luteolin, coumarin, catechin, and chlorogenic acid found in both AE and BN leaves have been found to have antioxidant effects (Rice-Evans et al. 1997, Shahidi and Ambigaipalan 2015). Furthermore, plant alkaloids in particular have been proven to have neurological effects, with many of them possessing anticholinesterase and antimonoamine oxidase properties (Kong et al. 2004, Oboh et al. 2018, Ortiz et al. 2018). Specifically, Bushway et al. (Bushway et al. 1987) observed anticholinesterase activity in two solanaceous glycoalkaloids (-chaconine, -solanine) and two alkaloids (solanidine, and demissidine) isolated in both AE and BN leaves, while Kielczewska et al., (Kiełczewska et al. 2021) recently reported neuroprtoective properties and anticholinesterase effects of solasodine analogues. In addition Huang et al (Huang et al. 2013) reported that caffeic acid ameliorated impairment to BACE-1 in acrolein-induced neurotoxicity in mice, while Arai et al (Arai et al. 2016) and Sul et al., (Sul et al. 2009) reported it exhibited anti-amyloidogenic properties and protected against Aβ-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 neuronal cell line. Also, Ali et al (Ali et al. 2019) showed that luteolin was able to offer therapeutic potentials against transgenic drosophila model of AD expressing human Aβ42 by combination of antiamyloidogenic, anticholinesterase, antiapoptotic and antioxidant properties. Consequently, these constituent phytochemicals, found in both AE and BN leaves, possibly working independently and/or their interactions could be responsible for the multifactorial neuroprotective properties observed in this study.