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Metals
Published in Frank A. Barile, Barile’s Clinical Toxicology, 2019
Anirudh J. Chintalapati, Frank A. Barile
Industrially, Fe is used in powder metallurgy and as a catalyst in chemical reactions. Steel is one of the most important alloys of iron and is incorporated into construction materials. Ferric ferrocyanide, a dark blue, amorphous solid formed by the reaction of potassium ferrocyanide with a ferric salt (Prussian blue), is used as a pigment in paint and in laundry bluing. Potassium ferricyanide (red prussiate of potash) is obtained from ferrous ferricyanide (Turnbull’s blue) and is integrated into blueprint paper.
Chemistries of Chemical Warfare Agents
Published in Brian J. Lukey, James A. Romano, Salem Harry, Chemical Warfare Agents, 2019
Terry J. Henderson, Ilona Petrikovics, Petr Kikilo, Andrew L. Ternay Jr., Harry Salem
The ability of cyanide to form complexes with various metals explains its use in extracting gold from rocks in a process referred to as heap leaching. Cyanide ions react readily with iron salts to form iron complexes, such as is found in ferric ferrocyanide (also known as Prussian Blue, Hamburg Blue, Paris Blue, and mineral blue). Cyanide has a stronger affinity for Fe(III) (ferric) ions than for Fe(II) (ferrous) ions, and therefore, Fe(III) has been exploited for use in a therapy for cyanide poisoning (Baskin and Brewer, 1997). Cyanide ions have also been observed to readily complex with zinc (Feeney and Burgen, 1973). A summary of the color and bonding of cyanide complex ions has been reported (Clifford, 1961b), and the infrared spectra of cyanide complex ions have been studied extensively (Rao, 1963; Bowser, 1993).
Nail Product Rheology
Published in Laba Dennis, Rheological Proper ties of Cosmetics and Toiletries, 2017
The combination of colorants will be selected so as to provide the desired shade and opacity. Opacity is obtained from titanium dioxide and to a lesser extent from iron oxides. Each of these pigments has a high specific gravity, and has a tendency to settle at a higher rate than the organic pigments. The titanium dioxide also is used to provide the tinting needed to obtain pastel shades, which often require relatively high levels to obtain the desired effect. Another factor affecting the amount of pigment used is the color strength. For example, ferric ferrocyanide provides a strong blue color, and small amounts can alter the nail polish shade, F,D&C Yellow No. 5 is a relatively weak colorant, with generally larger amounts required to achieve the desired effects.
Comparative acute intravenous toxicity study of triple polymer-layered magnetic nanoparticles with bare magnetic nanoparticles in Swiss albino mice
Published in Nanotoxicology, 2020
Anas Ahmad, Md. Meraj Ansari, Ajay Kumar, Akshay Vyawahare, Rakesh Kumar Mishra, Govindasamy Jayamurugan, Syed Shadab Raza, Rehan Khan
Histological assessment of iron deposition or accumulation in toxicological pathology has been widely studied with Prussian blue staining technique, which implicates colorless potassium ferrocyanide reaction with ferric ions to give the insoluble blue product as ferric ferrocyanide (Rowatt et al. 2018). Prussian blue highlights the presence of iron and offers a sensitive assessment of iron deposition and aid in semiquantitative evaluation of the pattern and severity of iron distribution as well as its correlation with the clinical outcomes (Hall et al. 2013; Azhar et al. 2019; Faruque et al. 2019). In confirmation of organ coefficient and other biochemical findings, all tissue sections [including liver (Figure 7), kidney (Figure 8), spleen (Supplementary Figure S1), and heart (Supplementary Figure S2) excluding lungs (Supplementary Figure S3)] treated with the highest dose (25 mg/kg) of bare (uncoated) NPs and stained with Prussian blue salt demonstrated significant iron deposition. Lower doses (5 and 10 mg/kg) of uncoated NPs and all doses of coated NPs did not show any iron accumulation and were found to be safe in this regard.