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Developments of Health Care: A Brief History of Medicine
Published in P. Mereena Luke, K. R. Dhanya, Didier Rouxel, Nandakumar Kalarikkal, Sabu Thomas, Advanced Studies in Experimental and Clinical Medicine, 2021
P. Mereena Luke, K. R. Dhanya, Tomy Muringayil Joseph, Józef T. Haponiuk, Didier Rouxel, S. Thomas
Laparoscopy was invented by George Kelling in 1901, in Germany. In 1910, Hans Christian Jacobaeus of Sweden performed the first laparoscopic operation in humans. It is a surgical procedure performed in the abdomen or pelvis using minute cut (usually 0.5–1.5 cm) with the aid of a camera [81]. Laparoscopic surgery includes operations within the abdominal or pelvic cavities, thoracic or chest cavity [thoracoscopic surgery] using endo-scopes and ultrasound scanning. Laparoscopic and thoracoscopic surgery belong to the broader field of endoscopy. Laparoscopic surgery has been extensively accepted technical innovation. Laparoscopic surgery has also been generally used in hepatic, pancreatic, gynecological, and urological surgery. Advanced single-incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) and robotic surgery are promising an excellent diagnosis and treatments [82]. A surgical robot is a computer-controlled system that can help a surgeon to use and control surgical tools. These robots significantly enhanced the quality of the surgeries, even for experienced laparoscopic surgeons. The development of highly sophisticated surgical robots helps to perform single-port surgery for complex procedures.
Envoi: Today and tomorrow
Published in Harold Ellis, Sala Abdalla, A History of Surgery, 2018
While the surgical robot has been impressive in its performance and outcomes, it is still a device that is remotely controlled by the surgeon’s hand and brain. The next leap forward in technology rests on the development of artificial intelligence (AI) systems that are capable of performing tasks that normally require human intelligence such as reasoning, decision making and pattern recognition.
Case Studies
Published in Nicholas Stergiou, Nonlinear Analysis for Human Movement Variability, 2018
Anastasia Kyvelidou, Leslie M. Decker
Robot-assisted laparoscopy is a common minimally invasive surgery performed by a surgeon who controls a specialized robot. Similar to conventional laparoscopy, small incisions are made, and the robotic manipulators and endoscopic camera are inserted into the patient. Surgical robots, such as the da VinciTM surgical system (dVSS, Intuitive Surgical Inc., Sunnyvale, CA), have specialized features such as an ergonomically designed surgeon’s console, interactive robotic arms, high-resolution 3D endoscope, and wrist-like master controls (Moorthy et al. 2004). These features give the surgical robot distinct advantages over traditional laparoscopy, such as reduced surgeon fatigue, enhanced view, larger range of motion, tremor cancellation, and scaled motion (D’Annibale et al. 2004; Hernandez et al. 2004; Moorthy et al. 2004).
Micro and nanorobot-based drug delivery: an overview
Published in Journal of Drug Targeting, 2022
Muhammad Suhail, Arshad Khan, Muhammad Abdur Rahim, Abid Naeem, Muhammad Fahad, Syed Faisal Badshah, Abdul Jabar, Ashok Kumar Janakiraman
The robot systems have significantly improved human beings’ capabilities in detecting, interrelating, operating, and altering different systems worldwide. The convergence of various technologies has revolutionised different fields, especially robotic technologies for therapeutic purposes to enhance medical care [1]. Industrial robots were mainly established to mechanise predictable and hazardous macroscale developed liabilities, while the therapeutic robot devices are synthesised exclusively for the diagnostics and management of diseases. Hence, contrary to conventional (old) robots, which are fictional through massive mechanical systems, the therapeutic robots require decreased sections and insolent resources for complex and detailed procedures as well as improve reproducibility in the human body. Impressive progress has been made in medical robotics through technological advancements, such as combination in control theory, motors, constituents, and medical imaging, which can be observed from the rise in surgeon-patient acceptance [2]. Like, surgical robot systems (da Vinci system) permit conversion of surgeon’s hand action into minor, accurate actions of small devices inside the patient's body. Although robotic systems are prevalent for slightly invasive surgery, there are still leading mechanical problems and tasks [3].
The transferability of the minimal invasive surgeon’s skills to open surgery
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Urology, 2022
Maria Ordell Sundelin, Charlotte Paltved, Pernille Skjold Kingo, Linea Blichert-Refsgaard, Maria S. Lindgren, Henrik Kjölhede, Jørgen Bjerggaard Jensen
Our study brings evidence related to the transfer of skills from minimally invasive surgery to open surgery skills. The major limitation consists of the small sample size and the limited number of exercises. As a potential solution for some limitations that may have affected the outcomes, we added the open surgery group as a training arm to the study. The capacity was limited to one daVinci surgical robot, hence individual training. The two other groups, open and laparoscopic, had simulation training platforms and could undergo training in small groups. We designed the study with one final test, limiting the study to this end-point. Optimally we would include sharp and blunt dissection, the use of diathermy and hemostasis techniques. The bowel anastomosis exercise as a test is well-used and acknowledged as a good evaluation method for technical surgical skills [14,21]. We wanted a model suitable for achieving competencies in basic surgery skills in the time available (6 weeks) in surgically inexperienced study subjects. Performing the intestinal suture line with robotic assistance and as well as for laparoscopic approach is one of the more difficult exercises and in our pilot study, it took the 6-weeks training period for the laparoscopic trained study subjects to achieve a plateau of skills in the procedure. By using this anastomosis model we aimed to have an indicator for surgical skills even though we are aware of its inadequacy regarding covering all relevant skills within the surgery.
Robotic totally endoscopic coronary artery bypass grafting: current status and future prospects
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2020
Johannes Bonatti, Stephanie Wallner, Bernhard Winkler, Martin Grabenwöger
Analysis of robotic device movements and surgeon performance have already reached the area of artificial intelligence [32]. The fact that robotic machines carry computer chips offers exciting opportunities from this perspective. Automated recognition of anatomical structures and typical pathology is under development in the field of bronchoscopy and gastrointestinal endoscopy. Such detection algorithms are thinkable for recognizing anatomical structures inside the chest and could help with identification of coronary targets. Automatically halting the surgical robot before an instrument damages intrathoracic structures could be an important adjunct to patient safety. Although simple surgical maneuvers like automated camera positioning have been carried out by robots in the experimental setting clinical application for graft harvesting and anastomotic suturing is not in sight yet [33].