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The person
Published in Suzanne Everett, Handbook of Contraception and Sexual Health, 2020
Sex reassignment surgery, or SRS (also known as gender reassignment surgery, gender confirmation surgery, genital reconstruction surgery, gender-affirming surgery or sex realignment surgery), is the surgical procedure (or procedures) by which a transsexual person’s physical appearance and function of their existing sexual characteristics are altered to resemble that is associated with that gender.
Correctional Health Care and Civil Rights
Published in Julie Dickinson, Anne Meyer, Karen J. Huff, Deborah A. Wipf, Elizabeth K. Zorn, Kathy G. Ferrell, Lisa Mancuso, Marjorie Berg Pugatch, Joanne Walker, Karen Wilkinson, Legal Nurse Consulting Principles and Practices, 2019
J. Thaddeus Eckenrode, Cynthia A. Maag, Mariann F. Cosby
From a review of the medical records, the LNC should be able to evaluate the extent to which the inmate is receiving mental health services and consideration of treatment modalities. Key elements of evidence include mental health assessment, counseling, psychotherapy services, hormone therapy with regular laboratory monitoring, access to transgender specialists and other gynecologic and urologic care, and considerations for sex reassignment surgery. Custody driven elements to consider include housing and consideration for provision of other sexual preference items (NCCHC, 2015c).
Eating Disorders in Sexual and Gender Minorities
Published in Jonna Fries, Veronica Sullivan, Eating Disorders in Special Populations, 2017
Transgender clients may use strategies of disconnection to maintain relationships by denying important parts of self. Paradoxically, hiding the self leads to a pervasive sense of alienation from others. In attempts to align with dominant culture and avoid the pain of rejection, criticism, or worse, transgender people often internalize others’ fear and hatred of difference, and strive to either repress gender identification or align one's gender expression to the dominant culture's ideals and expectations, possibly through disordered eating. The dominant culture even dictates norms in reconstructive surgery. While endorsing liposuction, rhinoplasty, and correction of birth defects, the dominant culture is confused by and judgmental about the desire to reform genitalia (Girshick and Green 2009) leaving those desiring sex reassignment surgery with another psychological hurdle to overcome.
Transsexualism and hormones
Published in Gynecological Endocrinology, 2022
Harry Benjamin and Magnus Hirschfeld were the pioneers of the transsexualism phenomenon [1]. Gender dysphoria is characterized by suffering from strong, persistent discomfort between biological sex and experienced expressed gender, with significant impairment in interpersonal, familial, social, professional and other important area of functioning [2]. Transgender individuals desire to have secondary sexual characteristics of the opposite sex. Transsexual identification is permanently present and the disorder is not a part of some other disease [3]. Diagnostic procedure of sex reassignment is a multidisciplinary task that requires diagnostic assessment, psychotherapy or consulting by a mental health professional (MHP), endocrine investigations and finally surgeon involvement. The diagnosis of gender identity disorder (GID) is made by a MHP. The endocrinologist has to exclude other endocrine diseases, to confirm diagnosis, initiate hormone affirming therapy and perform subsequent individual follow-ups. After at least one year of hormone affirming therapy highly qualified surgeons can perform operations. Sex reassignment surgery is recommended only after both endocrinologist and MHPs find surgery advisable.
Psychopathological symptoms in Spanish subjects with gender dysphoria. A cross-sectional study
Published in Gynecological Endocrinology, 2021
Camil Castelo-Branco, Laura RiberaTorres, Esther Gómez-Gil, Carme Uribe, Silvia Cañizares
Indeed, as unanticipated findings, no differences were found in psychopathological symptoms between subjects with gender dysphoria with or without cross-sex hormone therapy. Our results were in agreement with the obtained by Fisher et al. (2013) when comparing psychological distress, as measured by SCL-90-R, according to cross-sex hormonal treatment [18]. Conversely, two prospective longitudinal studies described an improvement in psychopathological symptoms with the hormonal intervention. Colizzi et al. demonstrated a significant general decrease in all SCL-90-R subscales and also in the global severity index after 12 months of cross-sex hormonal treatment [17]. Furthermore, the Anxiety dimension, the only one whose value was greater than 1 suggested a low degree of clinical relevance, changed toward a normal value (0.54). The study of Heylens et al. compared gender dysphoric individuals after the start of hormonal treatment and also after sex reassignment surgery in the SCL-90 scores [20]. There was a significant reduction in the global severity index and also in all subscales but the Agoraphobia, though there was a trend. Surprisingly, no greater reduction was found after sex reassignment surgery, which means that the most important role in psychological well-being was due to hormonal treatment.
The Nashville Statement’s Undoing? Grappling with Evangelical Christianity’s Ontology of Sex
Published in Journal of Homosexuality, 2021
An even more substantial reason to pause for thought about a focus on intersex people in a statement only marginally about intersex people centers on the important differences between intersex and trans people. Susannah Cornwall’s (2015a, p. 667) explanation of the difference, through the lens of experiences with surgery, is worth quoting at length: An important difference between transgender and intersex experiences of surgery is that, in most cases, sex reassignment surgery for transgender people does not take place until they are over 18 and have lived publicly for a year in their acquired gender. Some transgender people report difficulty in accessing surgical intervention, especially where such surgery is very experience and transgender people must pay for it themselves or convince ‘gatekeeper’ doctors or insurance companies that it is medically necessary. By contrast, most initial surgery for intersex takes place on babies and young children, and many need repeat operations throughout their lives.6 Whilst surgery and other medical intervention for transgender people might endorse their agency and capacity to make decisions about their bodies, surgery for intersex people is likely–especially if it occurred when they were very young, or without their consent–to be understood as invading or compromising their agency.