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Magnitude of the problem
Published in Kathleen M Berg, Dermot J Hurley, James A McSherry, Nancy E Strange, ‘Rose’, Eating Disorders, 2018
Many persons struggling with eating disorders report disturbed sleep patterns and some report night-time eating as a problem. Problematic night-time eating may be due to sleep-related eating disorders with altered alertness, binge eating disorder and bulimia nervosa with night-time eating, dissociative states and the Kleine-Levin syndrome (Shenck and Mahowald, 1994). It may also be due to night-eating syndrome (Stunkard et al., 1955), a specific condition that affects about 1.5% of the general population and perhaps as many as 27% of the morbidly obese undergoing obesity surgery (Rand et al., 1997). Night-eating syndrome is characterized by binge eating either before sleep onset or after wakening (American Sleep Disorders Association, 1990) and affected individuals typically maintain full awareness of their behaviors during and after eating binges.
Surgical Treatment of the Obese Individual
Published in G. Michael Steelman, Eric C. Westman, Obesity, 2016
John B. Cleek, Eric C. Westman
Up to 40% of patients presenting to a weight loss center have night eating syndrome. Night eating syndrome is characterized by anorexia in the morning, evening hyperphagia, nocturnal awakenings, and eating during the awakenings. Generally, more than one-half of consumed calories in the day are after 5 p.m. There is a lack of literature available relative to any role this disorder has in the approach to the surgical patient.
Nonsurgical Management of Obesity
Published in Emmanuel Opara, NUTRITION and DIABETES, 2005
For some people, food is often used to relieve stress or adapt to difficult situations. When these behaviors become maladaptive, eating disorders might result. Not surprisingly, obese people have a higher prevalence of two distinct eating disorders: binge-eating syndrome and night-eating syndrome. Binge eating is a feeling of loss of control while consuming an amount of food that is larger than most people would eat. Binge eating is twice as prevalent in obese patients than nonobese patients.23 Moreover, relative to obese patients who do not binge eat, binge eaters have higher BMIs, as well as higher rates of comorbid depression and anxiety.24 Among bariatric-surgery patients, the prevalence of preoperative binge eating ranges from 13 percent to 49 percent.25 Night-eating syndrome, first recognized by Stunkard in 1955, is defined by ingestion of 50 percent of the daily caloric intake after the evening meal, awakening at least once a night for three nights a week to eat, and morning anorexia. In morbidly obese patients, the prevalence of night-eating syndrome may be as high as 26 percent.26 Dieting or chronic restrained eating may be important triggers for these disorders, which often go unrecognized due to the surreptitious manner in which patients binge. These disorders are complex psychological illnesses; further studies are needed to define appropriate therapy in obese patients with these problems.
Environmental light exposure and mealtime regularity: Implications for human health
Published in Chronobiology International, 2022
Additionally, bright light therapy for 2 weeks (10,000 lux level, exposed for 1 h from morning up to 09:00 h) was shown to be effective in reducing night eating syndrome among adults, an altered circadian eating behavior (consumption of more than 25% of the total daily calories after the evening meal and/or ingestion of food during nocturnal awakening) (McCune and Lundgren 2015). Another intervention study demonstrated that bright light therapy treatment (5000 lux level, exposed for 1 h between 09:00 h to 14:00 h) could affect body composition by significantly decreasing body fat among overweight and obese individuals (Dunai et al. 2007). While serotonin levels and food intake were not measured in the study, past evidence has shown that exposure to bright light increased serotonin levels (Campbell et al. 2017), which can help moderate food intake and energy balance. (Lam et al. 2010).
Short-term time-restricted feeding during the resting phase is sufficient to induce leptin resistance that contributes to development of obesity and metabolic disorders in mice
Published in Chronobiology International, 2018
Katsutaka Oishi, Chiaki Hashimoto
Epidemiological studies have suggested that circadian disruption caused by situations such as shift work, jet lag and sleep disorders is associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome (Buxton et al. 2012; Parsons et al. 2015; Roenneberg et al. 2012). Inappropriate eating habits such as skipping breakfast or eating late at night are thought to be associated with metabolic disorders (Alexander et al. 2009; Colles et al. 2007; Gallant et al., 2012; Garaulet and Gomez-Abellan 2014; Ma et al. 2003; Stunkard et al. 1955). The risk of obesity is 4.5-fold higher for individuals among a free-living adult population in the USA who regularly skip breakfast, compared with those who do not (Ma et al. 2003). Breakfast intake is associated with less visceral adiposity in overweight children (Alexander et al. 2009). Night-eating syndrome was first described in 1955 as a stress-related eating disorder in which large proportions of food are consumed during the night (Stunkard et al. 1955). The features of this syndrome comprise morning anorexia, evening hyperphagia, insomnia, and a close association with excessive weight gain and obesity (Colles et al. 2007; Gallant et al., 2012). Therefore, inappropriate eating habits seem to be closely associated with metabolic disorders induced by circadian disruption.
Development, validation and reliability of the Chrononutrition Profile - Questionnaire
Published in Chronobiology International, 2020
Allison C. Veronda, Kelly C. Allison, Ross D. Crosby, Leah A. Irish
The extant literature provides empirical support for six overarching chrononutrition behaviors (i.e. aspects of when one eats) which comprise one’s chrononutrition profile and collectively affect overall health (e.g. Gill and Panda 2015; Kant and Graubard 2015); see Table 1 for definitions and summary of literature on these chrononutrition behaviors. Breakfast skipping (represented as days per week) is a relevant chrononutrition behavior, likely because of the impact it has on the initiation of the liver clock (Hirao et al. 2010). Largest meal refers to the meal (i.e. breakfast, lunch, dinner/supper) in which participants consume the greatest amount of calories. Evening eating refers to eating late in the waking day, denoted as a clock time. This construct is relevant for chrononutrition, as the time of this eating event marks the end of the daily feeding/fasting cycle. The duration of time, in minutes, between one’s last eating event and sleep onset (i.e. evening latency) is also important to consider. Although the feeding/fasting and sleep/wake cycles run parallel to and do influence one another, eating and sleeping behaviors are distinct and should not occur in the same time of day. When such overlap does occur, it typically takes the form of night eating. Night eating, a component of night-eating syndrome (Allison et al. 2010; Stunkard et al. 1955), refers to the number of days per week an individual engages in eating after initial sleep onset. Night eating may result from circadian desynchrony of the sleep/wake and feeding/fasting cycles (O’Reardon et al. 2004). Finally, eating window is typically defined as the duration of time, in minutes, between the first eating event and the last eating event of the day. Taken together, evidence to date has suggested that these behaviors are relevant to chrononutrition, but knowledge is still somewhat limited. These key chrononutrition behaviors have been associated with various negative health outcomes, as previously described, and were included in the initial measures.